53 research outputs found
Lâimam, lâexpert et le diplomate
Durant la crise malienne de 2012-2013, les conditions dâenquĂȘte de terrain au sein des associations islamiques de Bamako furent particuliĂšrement modifiĂ©es. Les difficultĂ©s dâaccĂšs aux acteurs et aux donnĂ©es nĂ©cessitent de recourir Ă des informations de seconde main, fournies par les journalistes, fonctionnaires ou diplomates, formant ainsi une vĂ©ritable « économie du renseignement » autour du religieux, dans laquelle lâethnographe est impliquĂ©. Ces conditions sont symptomatiques dâun contexte impliquant la guerre française « contre le terrorisme ». Le regain dâintĂ©rĂȘt envers les acteurs religieux gĂ©nĂšre une inflation discursive sur lâislam, permettant notamment dâinformer les programmes internationaux de dĂ©veloppement mis en place Ă destination de lâislam « modĂ©ré ». A partir dâun retour rĂ©flexif sur les conditions dâenquĂȘte de terrain au sein du Haut Conseil Islamique du Mali en 2013, et dâune Ă©tude des usages de la catĂ©gorie de « wahhabite », je cherche Ă montrer la maniĂšre dont lâutilisation dâun langage dâexpert, servant Ă dĂ©crire les rapports entre politique et religion, tend Ă transformer les rapports de force au sein du champ religieux.During the Malian crisis of 2012-2013, fieldwork conditions among Islamic organizations of Bamako were particularly undermined for many reasons. Difficulties to access to actors and data often require to resort to second hand information, provided by journalists, civil servants or diplomats, shaping thus a kind of âinformation economyâ, in which the ethnographer is involved. Theses conditions are symptomatic of a context implying the French âwar against terrorismâ. The sudden resurgence of interest in Muslim actors generates a discursive inflation on Islam, in which the expert and scholarly language is especially used to inform international development programs deployed to âmoderateâ religious trends. Starting from the case of the president of the Malian High Council of Islam, and the uses of the âWahhabiâ categorization, I try to show how the vocabulary of expertise, useful for describing links between religion and politics, contribute to transform power relations between Islamic leaders
Lâimam, lâexpert et le diplomate
Durant la crise malienne de 2012-2013, les conditions dâenquĂȘte de terrain au sein des associations islamiques de Bamako furent particuliĂšrement modifiĂ©es. Les difficultĂ©s dâaccĂšs aux acteurs et aux donnĂ©es nĂ©cessitent de recourir Ă des informations de seconde main, fournies par les journalistes, fonctionnaires ou diplomates, formant ainsi une vĂ©ritable « économie du renseignement » autour du religieux, dans laquelle lâethnographe est impliquĂ©. Ces conditions sont symptomatiques dâun contexte impliquant la guerre française « contre le terrorisme ». Le regain dâintĂ©rĂȘt envers les acteurs religieux gĂ©nĂšre une inflation discursive sur lâislam, permettant notamment dâinformer les programmes internationaux de dĂ©veloppement mis en place Ă destination de lâislam « modĂ©ré ». A partir dâun retour rĂ©flexif sur les conditions dâenquĂȘte de terrain au sein du Haut Conseil Islamique du Mali en 2013, et dâune Ă©tude des usages de la catĂ©gorie de « wahhabite », je cherche Ă montrer la maniĂšre dont lâutilisation dâun langage dâexpert, servant Ă dĂ©crire les rapports entre politique et religion, tend Ă transformer les rapports de force au sein du champ religieux.During the Malian crisis of 2012-2013, fieldwork conditions among Islamic organizations of Bamako were particularly undermined for many reasons. Difficulties to access to actors and data often require to resort to second hand information, provided by journalists, civil servants or diplomats, shaping thus a kind of âinformation economyâ, in which the ethnographer is involved. Theses conditions are symptomatic of a context implying the French âwar against terrorismâ. The sudden resurgence of interest in Muslim actors generates a discursive inflation on Islam, in which the expert and scholarly language is especially used to inform international development programs deployed to âmoderateâ religious trends. Starting from the case of the president of the Malian High Council of Islam, and the uses of the âWahhabiâ categorization, I try to show how the vocabulary of expertise, useful for describing links between religion and politics, contribute to transform power relations between Islamic leaders
ForĂȘt
La forĂȘt est lâimage du milieu de la pensĂ©e qui dĂ©couvre lâĂ©trange proximitĂ© et la familiĂšre Ă©trangetĂ© quâelle entretient avec lâĂȘtre, le monde, les choses, les animaux et lâhomme.The forest is the image of the center of thought uncovering the ongoing strange proximity and familiar strangeness it maintains with being, the world, things, animals and man
Recommended from our members
Mineral magnetic characterization of the Upper Pleniglacial Nussloch loess sequence (Germany): an insight into local environmental processes
Presently, most loess/palaeosol magnetic susceptibility records are interpreted as following either the wind-vigour model or the pedogenic enhancement model. However redoxomorphic processes induced by waterlogging, often referred to gleying in the loess literature, are also known to alter loess deposits but their impact on loess/palaeosol magnetic susceptibility records has received little attention. The reported rock magnetic study aims to characterize the mineral magnetic response of loess to waterlogging-induced redoxomorphic processes, thus improving our understanding of mineral magnetic changes within loess deposits with respect to environmental and climate conditions. The Nussloch loess-palaeosol deposit (Rhine Valley, Germany) was targeted because it is one of the best-studied Pleniglacial deposits for Western Europe in which numerous tundra gley intervals have been identified. Moreover, a comprehensive high-resolution environmental magnetism study has never been undertaken for this site.
Various rock magnetism experiments were conducted at both room and low temperatures to characterise the composition, concentration and relative magnetic grain size of the mineral magnetic assemblage. The relative changes in magnetic parameters within the investigated loess interval are primarily controlled by (1) varying concentrations of coarse-grained ferrimagnetic particles of detrital (aeolian) origin and (2) dissolution of fine-grained ferrimagnetic particles related to in situ post-depositional alteration promoted by waterlogging-induced redoxomorphic processes. Goethite is found to be ubiquitous throughout the studied interval and is argued to have both a primary (aeolian) and secondary (in situ) origin. We conclude, that redoxomorphic processes induced by waterlogging, if present, will hinder the interpretation of magnetic susceptibility variations within loess and palaeosol deposits following the expected relationships dictated by the wind-vigour and the pedogenic enhancement magnetism models
Deterioration of the metabolic risk profile in women. Respective contributions of impaired glucose tolerance and visceral fat accumulation
WSTÄP. Celem pracy jest okreĆlenie, czy upoĆledzona tolerancja glukozy
(IGT, impaired glucose tolerance) odpowiada za pogorszenie profilu metabolicznego
u kobiet, uwzglÄdniajÄ
c nagromadzenie trzewnej tkanki tĆuszczowej, mierzone
w tomografii komputerowej.
MATERIAĆ I METODY. Przebadano 203 kobiety z prawidĆowym wynikiem testu
tolerancji glukozy (NGT, normal glucose tolerance) oraz 46 kobiet z upoĆledzonÄ
tolerancjÄ
glukozy - glikemia mierzona 2 godziny po doustnym obciÄ
ĆŒeniu 75 g
glukozy - 7,8-11,1 mmol/l.
WYNIKI. U kobiet z IGT stwierdzano wiÄksze nagromadzenie trzewnej tkanki
tĆuszczowej oraz wyĆŒsze stÄĆŒenie glukozy na czczo w osoczu, insuliny oraz C-peptydu,
a takĆŒe wyĆŒsze stÄĆŒenie cholesterolu, triglicerydĂłw i apolipoproteiny B (apoB)
oraz wiÄkszy stosunek cholesterolu caĆkowitego do cholesterolu frakcji HDL,
zmniejszenie maksymalnej wielkoĆci czÄ
steczek LDL, niĆŒsze stÄĆŒenie cholesterolu
frakcji HDL i HDL 2 oraz wyĆŒsze ciĆnienie tÄtnicze (p < 0,01) niĆŒ u kobiet
z NTG. PorĂłwnujÄ
c 27 par kobiet pod kÄ
tem nagromadzenia trzewnej tkanki tĆuszczowej
i masy tĆuszczowej oraz wystÄpowania menopauzy, wczeĆniej stwierdzone rĂłĆŒnice
w zakresie stÄĆŒenia cholesterolu frakcji LDL, maksymalnej wielkoĆci czÄ
steczek
LDL, niĆŒszego stÄĆŒenia cholesterolu frakcji HDL i HDL2, a takĆŒe stosunku cholesterolu
caĆkowitego do cholesterolu frakcji HDL i ciĆnienia tÄtniczego zniknÄĆy, natomiast
stÄĆŒenie triglicerydĂłw pozostawaĆo znamiennie wyĆŒsze u kobiet z upoĆledzonÄ
tolerancjÄ
glukozy.
WNIOSKI. Nagromadzenie trzewnej tkanki tĆuszczowej jest gĆĂłwnym czynnikiem
powodujÄ
cym pogorszenie wielu parametrĂłw metabolicznych u kobiet z IGT, z wyjÄ
tkiem
stÄĆŒenia triglicerydĂłw, ktĂłre rĂłĆŒniĆo siÄ znamiennie pomiÄdzy kobietami z NGT
a kobietami z IGT, nawet po skorygowaniu w odniesieniu do trzewnej tkanki tĆuszczowej.INTRODUCTION. To determine whether the impaired
glucose tolerance (IGT) state contributes to the deterioration
of the metabolic profile in women after
taking into account the contribution of visceral adipose
tissue (AT) accumulation, as measured by computed
tomography.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. We studied 203 women
with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 46 women
with IGT, defined as a glycemia between 7.8 and
11.1 mmol/l measured 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose
load.
RESULTS. Women with IGT were characterized by
a higher visceral AT accumulation and by higher concentrations
of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and
C-peptide as well as by higher plasma concentrations
of cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein
B (apoB) and by greater cholesterol–to–HDL-
-cholesterol ratio, reduced LDL peak particle size, lower
HDL-cholesterol and HDL2-cholesterol concentrations,
and higher blood pressure (p < 0.01) than
women with NGT. When we matched 27 pairs of
women for visceral AT and fat mass as well as for
menopausal status, differences previously found in
LDL-cholesterol, LDL peak particle size, HDL-cholesterol,
and HDL2-cholesterol concentrations as well
as in the cholesterol–to–HDL-cholesterol ratio and
blood pressure were eliminated, whereas triglyceride
concentrations remained significantly higher in
women with IGT.
CONCLUSIONS. A high visceral AT accumulation is
a major factor involved in the deterioration of many
metabolic variables in women with IGT, with the
notable exception of triglyceride concentrations,
which remained significantly different between
women with NGT and women with IGT after adjustment
for visceral fat
Les « griots dâAllah », ou lâĂ©mergence dâune musique religieuse populaire
Ă Bamako, les chants religieux sont Ă la mode. Sous la forme de chants dâĂ©loges Ă lâadresse dâAllah et de son prophĂšte, des grandes figures de lâislam et surtout des nouveaux leaders religieux, le panĂ©gyrique islamique met en scĂšne deux figures : dâun cĂŽtĂ©, des leaders soufis qui animent une Ă©conomie du prĂȘche et de la bĂ©nĂ©diction, de lâautre, les zikiridala (litt. : ceux qui posent le zikiri, genre musical ainsi nommĂ©), dont les louanges les affilient souvent Ă un de ces leaders. Les chants ..
Insolences dâun prestataire
Pour ĂȘtre efficace et dĂ©passer les voeux pieux, le partage des richesses doit passer par un partage plus Ă©quitable de la production des richesses. La lutte contre la pauvretĂ© est essentiellement une question de rapport de force qui nâest rendu possible que par une monnaie dâĂ©change : la force de travail. Des organisateurs et organisatrices communautaires prĂȘts Ă risquer leur confort et une partie de leur libertĂ© seront nĂ©cessaires. Attention Ă lâengouement pour Un parcours vers lâinsertion, car il ne rĂšgle pas le problĂšme de la fin du parcours : lâemploi. Enfin, lâĂtat sâaffaiblit lorsquâil se pose lui-mĂȘme comme partenaire.In order to be effective and go beyond wishful thinking, wealth sharing must take the form of a more equitable sharing of the production of wealth. The war against poverty essentially involves relations of force, made possible only by a single element of exchange: labour power. Community organizers who are prepared to risk their comfort and part of their liberty are necessary. But one must guard against being seduced by Un parcours vers lâinsertion (A Path to Insertion), for it does nothing to solve the problem at the end of the pathway: jobs. And, lastly, the state weakens itself when it involves itself as a partner.Para ser eficaz y superar los discursos piadosos, el reparto de las riquezas debe pasar por un reparto mĂĄs equitativo de la producciĂłn de riquezas. La lucha contra la pobreza es esencialmente una cuestiĂłn de relaciĂłn de fuerzas que solo se vuelve posible a travĂ©s de una moneda de cambio: la fuerza de trabajo. Para ello, serĂĄn necesarios algunos organizadores comunitarios listos a arriesgar su confort y una parte de su libertad. Cuidado con el entusiasmo por Un circuito hacia la inserciĂłn, puesto que este no arregla el problema de final del circuito: el empleo. En fin, el Estado se debilita cuando se coloca Ă©l mismo como interlocutor
FlorealDataâ: Des traits de vie dâespĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales pour le calcul dâindices agronomiques et Ă©cologiques des communautĂ©s prairiales
La transition agroĂ©cologique des systĂšmes dâĂ©levage en zone herbagĂšre nous amĂšne Ă mieux concilier deux disciplines complĂ©mentaires que sont lâĂ©cologie et lâagronomie. Le fort recul de la prairie permanente, malgrĂ© les enjeux environnementaux quâelle reprĂ©sente, ont amenĂ© le Conservatoire botanique national des PyrĂ©nĂ©es et de Midi-PyrĂ©nĂ©es (CBNPMP) et lâInstitut national de recherche pour lâagriculture, lâalimentation et lâenvironnement (INRAE) de Toulouse Ă rassembler, dans une base de donnĂ©es rĂ©gionale, des traits de vie dâespĂšces prairiales, nĂ©cessaires au calcul dâindices agroĂ©cologiques. Cette base de donnĂ©es regroupe, pour chacune des espĂšces (768), des attributs issus de la phytosociologie et de lâĂ©cologie dâune part et dâune approche fonctionnelle des vĂ©gĂ©tations pour lâagronomie dâautre part. Ă partir dâun relevĂ© phytosociologique, ces attributs permettent de calculer des indices nĂ©cessaires Ă une meilleure gestion agroĂ©cologique des prairies permanentes. Initialement conçus pour le territoire de Midi-PyrĂ©nĂ©es, ces indices sont pour la plupart dâentre eux suffisamment gĂ©nĂ©riques pour ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s dans dâautres rĂ©gions françaises. Cette base de donnĂ©es est Ă©volutive et nous donnons les rĂšgles de construction de chaque attribut afin que les futurs utilisateurs puissent complĂ©ter la liste pour renseigner de nouvelles espĂšces. Elle est accessible sous licence ouverte et dans un format Excel
Projets en PPP, contrainte budgétaire et choix des investissements
The VAN criteria constitute the criterium of choice for public investment. Some projects are subject to partnerships between the public and private sectors (PPP). The financing is then mixed; public subsidy and private investment. In the presence of budgetary constraints, how to select the right group of projects from amongst all the projects? The recent LebĂšgue (2005) report suggests using as the selection criteria, not the greatest benefit produced by an investment but the benefit per public euro spent. We contest this approach which considers only the profitability of public capital and not the total of mobilised resources. We test the classic procedure against the LebĂšgue procedure in the case of the choice of the 17 autoroute projects proposed for PPP financing in 2005. The LebĂšgue procedure leads to recommending that the state invest in more projects than the classic procedure does, thus creating a serious misallocation of resources.PPP, IRR
- âŠ