Aspectos claves en la gestión pública descentralizada: ABC de la descentralización

RESUMEN La descentralización, en esa medida, es un proceso democrático y una política permanente del Estado de carácter obligatorio cuyo objetivo es el desarrollo integral del país. Vale decir, no es un fin en sí misma, se trata de un medio para lograr un país desarrollado que ofrezca más oportunidades a toda la ciudadanía; y que permite ordenar y orientar al Estado peruano –y por ende a sus tres niveles de gobierno– al cumplimiento de su objetivo primordial que es el bienestar y defensa de los seres humanos y sus derechos

Private Financing of the Military: A Local Political Economy Approach

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12116-012-9119-2In developing countries that are democratizing after military rule, and undergoing liberalizing economic reforms that encourage a shrinking of the state, what missions are the armed forces performing, who funds those missions, who benefits from military services, and why? This article analyzes security provision by the armed forces for paying clients—especially private companies in extractive industries—in accordance with negotiations between clients and commanders of the local military units that directly provide the security. The analysis identifies two paths toward local military–client relations. First, weak state capacity may mean that government control of military finances brought by democratization and economic reform remains limited to the national level, promoting local military–client exchanges. Second, amid minimal government control of military finances, even in the capital city, demand from companies in the powerful extractive industries and from recently endowed subnational governments can encourage local military–client contracting