ESTUDIOS SOBRE LA SUSTENTABILIDAD EN SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE LECHE EN PEQUEÑA ESCALA

Los sistemas de producción de leche en pequeña escala juegan un rol relevante en el desarrollo del sector rural, son una herramienta para aliviar la pobreza y permitir a las familias campesinas acceder a una mejor calidad de vida, mediante la generación de autoempleos y remuneración diaria, tanto al interior de las UPL como a la gente que es contratada por estos sistemas tanto de forma temporal como permanente, lo que permite generar arraigo a las zonas rurales. Las políticas públicas a nivel internacional demandan sistemas de producción sustentables, que sean capaces de brindar una adecuada calidad de vida en las zonas donde se encuentran, permitiendo conservar el medioambiente, siendo socialmente justos y económicamente eficientes. En México existe la ley de desarrollo rural sustentable que le da el énfasis de política pública para que los sistemas de producción se encaminen a cumplir lineamientos de desarrollo sustentable. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto de la implementación de innovaciones en el nivel de sostenibilidad de los sistemas de producción de leche en pequeña escala durante un ciclo anual de producción, se realizó en dos partes, la primera parte estuvo enfocada al efecto sobre los costos de alimentación por la implementación del pastoreo continuo intensivo, y la segunda al efecto de la implementación de innovaciones (pastoreo continuo intensivo y ensilado de maíz) sobre el nivel de sustentabilidad de los sistemas de producción de leche en pequeña escala. El análisis económico para identificar el efecto de la implementación de las innovaciones fue realizado mediante la metodología de presupuestos parciales, y la evaluación de las sustentabilidad se realizó a partir del método IDEA (Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles - Indicadores de Sustentabilidad de Explotaciones Agropecuarias) con adecuaciones conforme a la zona de estudio. El estudio se realizó en 24 UPL en el municipio de Aculco en el Estado de México, se recolecto información de las UPL mensualmente durante el año 2015 mediante encuestas semiestructuradas.Evaluación de la Sostenibilidad de los Sistemas de Producción de Leche en Pequeña Escala”, Clave 129449 CB-200

ATRIUM un percorso alla scoperta di un patrimonio dimenticato. Proposta di traduzione in portoghese della brochure di presentazione del percorso turistico-culturale dell’associazione ATRIUM, a Forlì

Il seguente elaborato si prefigge come obiettivo di presentare una proposta di traduzione, dall'italiano al portoghese lusitano, della brochure del percorso turistico-culturale organizzato da ATRIUM a Forlì. Il progetto europeo Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes in Urban Management ha come scopo il recupero di tutti gli edifici costruiti sotto i regimi totalitari del XX secolo, in modo che siano restaurati e riconvertiti in musei, biblioteche, archivi, ecc. L'insieme di tutte queste strutture recuperate nelle varie città europee aderenti al progetto serve a creare una rete di collaborazione internazionale e di promozione degli enti locali. Ciascuna città pertanto si impegna a creare dei percorsi turistico-culturali alla scoperta di un patrimonio "scomodo", legato ai ricordi ancora vividi dei regimi totalitari del secolo scorso. Grazie alla suddetta brochure, un futuro turista lusofono potrà avere una migliore visione d'insieme sia del patrimonio architettonico forlivese legato agli anni del fascismo, che del contesto storico da cui questo ha avuto origine. Il testo in un primo tempo racconta come è nato ATRIUM, spiegando in dettaglio i suoi fini, in seguito presenta ad un'analisi storica del ventennio fascista in Romagna, con particolare attenzione agli interventi strutturali che hanno cambiato la morfologia di Forlì; successivamente viene presentato un parallelismo tra il regime di Mussolini e l'Estado Novo di Salazar in Portogallo, il quale è un Paese che potrebbe potenzialmente entrare a far parte del progetto; il tutto si conclude con la mia proposta di traduzione, corroborata da un'analisi del testo originale italiano e un commento alla mia proposta di traduzione

Poemas

Se incluye los poemas "Qué pasa con las hojas cuando terminan de caer?" y "Dos esencias antes de ti". Ambos se refieren a la relación amorosa: el primero está cargado hacia la melancolía; el segundo, al deseo vehemente.Se incluye los poemas "Qué pasa con las hojas cuando terminan de caer?" y "Dos esencias antes de ti". Ambos se refieren a la relación amorosa: el primero está cargado hacia la melancolía; el segundo, al deseo vehemente

Las ciudades y la acción sobre las ciudades

Partimos de la diferencia entre acción y conocimiento de la acción y analizamos en esos términos el hacer de los planificadores urbanos. Desde la tradición de los planificadores modernos, y sus críticos pasando por los ahora diseñadores postmodernos, nos concentramos en el hacer del ordenamiento de las ciudades en las últimas décadas. Los saberes y polémicas acerca de planes y proyectos fueron reemplazados por un saber único producto de los intelectuales de las agencias internacionales de Crédito (BID, Banco Mundial) y organismos internacionales de ayuda. Ese saber único plantea situaciones sin salida a través de un conjunto de prácticas que se proponen como paliativos a las crisis urbanas generadas por sus propias políticas. Políticas que no hacen sino empeorar las situaciones de dependencia de los Organismo Internacionales de Crédito. El inicio de cualquier cambio, planteamos debe iniciarse en una crítica al "buen sentido" creado por estos organismo y elaborar nuevas premisas de acción.Fil: Roze, Jorge Prospero. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Argentin

Optical thickness as related to pollutant episodes and the concentration of visibility degrading pollutants

A network of six sun photometers was placed in the central and northeast United States during the months of July through October, 1931. The objective of the program was to obtain measurements of atmospheric turbidity which can be related to the concentration of visibility-degrading pollutants in the atmosphere. These measurements serve as ground truth for a program to develop remote sensing techniques for measuring the vertically integrated aerosol concentrations in pollution episodes. The sun photometers measure the direct solar radiation in four passbands: 380 nm, 500 nm, 875 nm and 940 nm. The first three passbands will be used for measuring the aerosol optical depth and the last for measuring precipitable water

Estimation of the atmospheric flux of nutrients and trace metals to the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Ocean

Atmospheric deposition contributes potentially significant amounts of the nutrients iron, nitrogen and phosphorus (via mineral dust and anthropogenic aerosols) to the oligotrophic tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Transport pathways, deposition processes and source strengths contributing to this atmospheric flux are all highly variable in space and time. Atmospheric sampling was conducted during 28 research cruises through the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) over a 12 year period and a substantial dataset of measured concentrations of nutrients and trace metals in aerosol and rainfall over the region was acquired. This database was used to quantify (on a spatial- and seasonal-basis) the atmospheric input of ammonium, nitrate, soluble phosphorus and soluble and total iron, aluminium and manganese to the ETNA. The magnitude of atmospheric input varies strongly across the region, with high rainfall rates associated with the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone contributing to high wet deposition fluxes in the south, particularly for soluble species. Dry deposition fluxes of species associated with mineral dust exhibited strong seasonality, with highest fluxes associated with winter-time low-level transport of Saharan dust. Overall (wet plus dry) atmospheric inputs of soluble and total trace metals were used to estimate their soluble fractions. These also varied with season and were generally lower in the dry north than in the wet south. The ratio of ammonium plus nitrate to soluble iron in deposition to the ETNA was lower than the N:Fe requirement for algal growth in all cases, indicating the importance of the atmosphere as a source of excess iron

The right to be informed and fear of disclosure: sustainability of a full error disclosure policy at an italian cancer centre/clinic

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of physicians in cases of medical error as well as the nature of the information that should be given to the patient and to ascertain whether it is possible to institute a full error disclosure policy. Data was collected through the completion of anonymous questionnaires by medical directors of the IRCCS CROB (the Oncology Centre of Basilicata, Italy). Methods: An anonymous questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was prepared and administered to all the physicians working at the IRCCS CROB – the Oncology Centre of Basilicata. The main aim of the research was to evaluate the feasibility of adopting a full disclosure policy and the extent to which such a policy could help reduce administration and legal costs. Results: The physicians interviewed unanimously recognize the importance of error disclosure, given that they themselves would want to be informed if they were the patients. However, 50% have never disclosed a medical error to their patients. Fear of losing the patient’s trust (33%) and fear of lawsuits (31%) are the main obstacles to error disclosure. Conclusions: The authors found that physicians were in favour of a full policy disclosure at the IRCCS CROB – the Oncology Centre of Basilicata. Many more studies need to be carried out in order to comprehend the economic impact of a full error disclosure policy

Antecedentes da Adoção da Computação em Nuvem: Efeitos da Infraestrutura, Investimento e Porte

Cloud computing, a peculiar form of storage and of making information available, has attracted much interest for its potential to significantly alter required investment in information technology infrastructure. As a paradox, while organizations can benefit from the possibility of implementing cloud computing, decision makers are faced with the dilemma arising from the possibility that competitors will have access to previously scarce or unique resources, essentially sources of competitive advantage. The question that arises is whether cloud computing increases the complexity of investment decisions or, in contrast, simplifies the analysis by allowing resources to be released for investment in other skills required by the business. This research investigates what antecedents are associated with the decision to undertake cloud computing and evaluates the effects existing IT infrastructure and the size and amount of investments have in this decision. Analysis of secondary data was used to develop a structural model, which is accompanied by explanations of the relationships uncovered. This paper's contributions include a theoretical explanation of the quandary related to IT investments within this context and the decision to adopt cloud computing and, additionally, the presentation of some managerial implications of these findings. Research limitations and suggestions for changes in future studies are also presented