The Role of Mushrooms in Biodegradation and Decolorization of Dyes

Contamination of soil, water, and air by hazardous substances is the major environmental problem of today’s world. Mushroom consumption has become a tradition among many people due to its richness in flavors, proteins, and some medicinal importance. But its ability to degrade/decolorize hazardous substances and dyes by secreting various enzymes or by absorption and adsorption of colors from waste substances has made them of interest for use in the field of bioremediation. Mushroom acts as a good decomposer as it degrades cellulose and lignin of plants for their growth and development. It also maintains soil health by performing the role of hyperaccumulators. This chapter focused on the mushroom-based biodegradation/decolorization of dyes and effluents released from various industries or other sources. It also emphasizes the probable mechanisms involved in mushroom-based degradation and decolorization of dyes along with their recent achievements, advancements, and future prospective

Microstructural Evolution of A356 Al Alloy During Flow Along a Cooling Slope

Cooling slope (CS) has been used in this study to prepare semi-solid slurry of A356 Al alloy, keeping in view of slurry generation on demand for Rheo-pressure die casting process. Understanding the physics of microstructure evolution during cooling slope slurry formation is important to satisfy the need of semi-sold slurry with desired shape, size and morphology of primary Al phase. Mixture of spherical and rosette shaped primary Al phase has been observed in the samples collected during melt flow through the slope as well as in the cast (mould) samples compared to that of dendritic shape, observed in case of conventionally cast A356 alloy. The liquid melt has been poured into the slope at 650 oC temperature and during flow it falls below the liquidus temperature of the said alloy, which facilitates crystallization of a-Al crystals on the cooling slope wall. Crystal separation due to melt flow is found responsible for nearly spherical morphology of the primary Al phase

Abstract Connectivity-preserving transformations of binary images q,qq

A binary image I is Ba, Wb-connected, where a,b 2 {4,8}, if its foreground is a-connected and its background is b-connected. We consider a local modification of a B a, W b-connected image I in which a black pixel can be interchanged with an adjacent white pixel provided that this preserves the connectivity of both the foreground and the background of I. We have shown that for any (a,b) 2 {(4,8), (8,4), (8,8)}, any two Ba, Wb-connected images I and J each with n black pixels differ by a sequence of H(n 2) interchanges. We have also shown that any two B 4, W 4-connected images I and J each with n black pixels differ by a sequence of O(n 4) interchanges

Relaxed gabriel graphs

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe