510 research outputs found
Porencephaly in an Italian neonate with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A case report
INTRODUCTION: Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a complex malformative disease caused by the teratogenic effect of alcohol consumed during pregnancy. Mothers are frequently reluctant to admit alcohol consumption during pregnancy. During infancy and particularly during neonatal period, differential diagnosis is difficult. PATIENT CONCERNS: This case is represented by an Italian neonate boy small for gestational age, born by caesarean section at a gestational age of 37 weeks + 6 days by neglect and single-parent pregnancy. On physical examination, he presented particular facial features: microcephaly, epicanthal folds, flat midface, low nasal bridge, indistinct philtrum, and thin upper lip; moreover, examination revealed a macro-penis and recurvation without evidence of glans. DIAGNOSIS: Echocardiogram showed an inter-ventricular defect of medium-muscular type and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres with hypoplasia of the left cerebral hemisphere, dilatation of the left ventricle, cerebrospinal fluid cavity, and porencephaly. INTERVENTIONS: We investigated the ethylglucuronide (EtG) concentration in the neonate's hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and we detected EtG in the infant's hair (normal value, 30 pg/mg), demonstrating prenatal alcohol exposure. OUTCOMES: In this neonate, EtG measure in hairs permitted the diagnosis of FASD, so allowing to exclude genetic diseases associated with similar clinical findings. After this result the mother admitted that she drunk alcohol during pregnancy (she declared 3 glasses of wine every day). At the age of 6 months, the child showed a moderate neurodevelopmental delay. CONCLUSION: This case shows that FAD should be considered in neonates with rare neurological diseases as porencephaly. In neonates and infants born to a mother who did not report alcohol use, EtG measure in hairs can significantly improve diagnosis of FASD, so allowing to exclude genetic diseases associated with similar clinical findings
Comparison between BNP values measured in capillary blood samples with a POCT method and those measured in plasma venous samples with an automated platform
Letter to the Editor. Our data suggest that it is possible
to measure BNP in fresh finger-stick samples of capillary
whole blood with an acceptable reproducibility,
and within 10 – 20 min to obtain results close correlated
to those measured by the automated platform in plasma
blood samples collected from a vein. The measurement
of BNP in fresh finger-stick samples of capillary whole
blood with this POCT method is in particular indicated for
the management of HF patients at home and for the BNP
assay in neonates and children
Abnormal hyperventilation in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: Role of enhanced chemosensitivity to carbon dioxide
BACKGROUND: Patients with hepatic cirrhosis frequently show idiopathic
hyperventilation at rest, despite no concomitant cardiopulmonary disease. The aim
of the study was to determine whether altered chemosensitivity either to hypoxia
or hypercapnia could underlie inappropriate hyperventilation in cirrhotic
patients. METHODS: We consecutively recruited 30 biopsy proven cirrhotic patients
equally distributed in the three Child's classes A, B and C (age 54±8years,
mean±SD). All patients underwent evaluation of chemosensitivity to hypoxia and to
hypercapnia and blood sampling for brain natriuretic peptide, norepinephrine and
progesterone, besides full clinical characterization. We also recruited 10 age-
and gender-matched healthy controls (age 55±7years). RESULTS: Overall, 18
patients (60%) showed an increased chemosensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO(2)),
while 8 patients (27%) showed enhanced chemosensitivity to hypoxia. Child's class
C patients had lower arterial partial pressure of CO(2) (PaCO(2)), higher rest
ventilation, increased chemosensitivity to hypercapnia, plasma level of
norepinephrine and serum progesterone levels when compared to class A patients
and controls (all p<0.05). Rest ventilation was positively related to pH (R=0.41,
p=0.023), chemosensitivity to hypercapnia (R=0.54, p=0.002), and progesterone
(R=0.53, p=0.016) and negatively to PaCO(2) (R=0.61, p<0.001), but not to
hemoglobin level and chemosensitivity to hypoxia. Chemosensitivity to hypercapnia
was positively related to PaCO(2) (R=0.74, p<0.001), serum progesterone (R=0.50,
p=0.016), and to plasma norepinephrine (R=0.57, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced
chemosensitivity to hypercapnia was found in more decompensated cirrhotic
patients and was associated with sympathetic overactivity and elevated serum
progesterone, likely representing a key mechanism underlying the "unexplained"
hyperventilation observed in such patients
- …