Quelques considérations sur l’influence du vent sur les performances fonctionnels des installations d’evacuation des eaux usees

Les codes/normes de conception de les ’installation d’évacuations gravitationnelles des eaux usées, sont tres différents d’une pays a autre et toutes sont déficitaires en ce qui concerne les mesures de sécurisé de l’espace intérieur du bâtiment a la pénétrations des gazes de l’installation. Dans le contexte actuel des manifestations des changements climatiques, quand la vitesse du vent de 30 m/s est un événement annuel ont crées les prémisses de l’apparition des dépressions ou surpressions dans l’installation qui peut conduire, dans les systeme simples, sans l’aération individuelle de chaque appareil/cuvette, a l’aspiration des gardes hydrauliques des appareils sanitaires et, associée avec ce phénomene, a la dépréciation de la qualité de l’air intérieur. Les regles de conceptions des installations d’évacuation gravitationnelle valables en Roumanie n’assurent pas la sécurité du milieu intérieur des bâtiments en conditions de vent de grande vitesse. Dans ce travail on présente les résultats d’une recherche in situ, effectuée sur une telle installations, en différents conditions de fonctionnement (simultanéité, solutions d’aération, vitesse et direction des courants de l’air…) en vue de l’identification des éventuelles disfonctionnements possibles liées a l’influence de la vitesse du vent sur les performances fonctionnelles et pas seulement, pour proposer et promouvoir des mesures de sécuriser l’espace intérieur

System for Increasing the Seismic Safety of Pipelines in the Water Supply and Distribution Networks

Seismic activity of small, medium or high intensity has a destructive effect on existing water supply and distribution networks. In the scholar literature, these are included in Class I—Vital Performance Systems, whose operation must be uninterrupted in case of a seismic event. Water networks are also essential for the safe operation of certain critical subsystems in the event of an earthquake (fire-extinguishing systems, etc.), in order to avoid loss of human lives, reduce adverse environmental impacts and limit damage caused by fires. The article proposes a seismic safety system for the water transport pipelines obtained by designing, executing and testing an experimental design, a system that can be used to increase the seismic resilience of the water supply and distribution network pipelines. The experimental data obtained were verified on the basis of the theoretical data available in the literature. The results of the research are particularly useful and can be proposed for use from the stage of designing new networks to providing expertise for existing networks, for establishing the most-stressed areas in which to be installed, and for implementing both execution and at the same time rehabilitation and upgrading

Indoor Climate Simulation in a Church During Winter Season

In the paper is presented a heating system installed in church and the interior climate generated. Thermal Comfort is the purpose of each designer, since the design stage and has to be ensure for the churchgoers, but even for the interior finishes. The heating system that uses hydronic radiators is evaluated trough the CFD modelling, in order to evaluate pro and contra arguments. The simulation has been made in a 3d simulation software environment, in Autodesk CFD with good results

Thermal Comfort Modeling of a Church Heated with Static Heaters

This paper evaluates a static heating system from a church. They are presented in almost every church. Temperature distribution in the church is done in 2d plane. The simulation is presented on a particular example, the Dormition of the Mother of God Church from Jassy, Romania. The heating system had been simulated in FLUENT and the consequences over the interior climate in the church are showed. An important issue is the impact of this system over the artwork, the church being rise in XVIII century

Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Seismic Actions on a Flexible Glass-Reinforced Plastic Structure Used in Water Transport Pipes

This article presents the experimental results obtained by the testing an experimental model of water distribution which is flexible and above-head mounted on a seismic platform, and their validation in a theoretical manner, but also by the Finite Element Method, using the ANSYS simulation program. This type of system shown by the experimental model is desired to be used in practice not only in seismic areas, but also in the areas of heavy road transport, landslides, etc. thorugh the use thereof in the most stressed points of the network (hearth entry/exit, before/after an elbow, etc.) but also on long routes, at optimal distances. The results achieved are related to glass- reinforced plastic (GRP) pipes with a nominal diameter DN = 250 mm, but conclusions may be drawn starting from these to help future research where the mass of the earth is desired to be taken into account. The present results are comprehensive for buried pipes operated dynamically or seismically at low-medium intensity, as this type of earthquake occurs more and more often in Europe. The experimental tests in this article do not have the characteristics necessary for a high intensity seismic action (above 5° Richter)

The synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of a new nitric oxide donor agent

The synthesis of a new xanthine nitric oxide donor (TSP-81) has been discussed. The designed compound includes two structural moieties - theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) and acetaminophen (4-hydroxyacetanilide) linked by the nitric oxide donor alkyl chain as a spacer. The compound has been characterized by microanalysis (CHN), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis, TG and DTG. The thermal behaviour showed that TSP-81 melts with decomposition, in four steps, the most important ones being the 2nd one (the registered weight loss being 17.6 %) and the 3rd one (with a registered weight loss of 30.4 %). The toxicity degree, the anti-inflammatory effect and the ability of releasing nitric oxide of the TSP-81 have also been evaluated. The biological assays established that TSP-81 exhibits enhanced biological properties such as lower toxicity and higher anti-inflammatory effect in reference with theophylline and acetaminophen, the drugs used as parents molecules. The TSP-81 is approximately 2 times more active than theophylline and 4 times more active than acetaminophen in reducing cotton pellet-granuloma formation. Furthermore, the release of nitric oxide (NO) appears to have an important contribution to enhancing the anti-inflammatory effect

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 2-Azetidinones with Sulfonamide Structures

New series of N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamides 4a1–6, 4b1–6 and N-(4-aryl-3-chloro-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)aminoacetyl sulfonamides 5a1–6, 5b1–6 were synthesized. The structures of the new derivatives was confirmed using spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). The antibacterial activities of these compounds against Gram positive (Staphyloccoccus aureus ATCC 6583, Staphyloccoccus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25912) and Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae CIP 53153, Proteus vulgaris CIP 104989, Citrobacter freundii CIP 5732, Enterobacter cloacae CIP 103475, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 82118) bacterial strains were evaluated using the broth micro-dilution method. Compound 4a2 displayed the highest antibacterial activity, especially against Staphyloccoccus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds was also investigated according to ferric reducing power, total antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays. All tested compounds showed excellent antioxidant activity in comparison with sulfadiazine and sulfisoxazole which were used as parent sulfonamides. Moreover, some of them showed an antioxidant activity comparable with that of ascorbic acid. In general, the compounds designed based on a sulfadiazine skeleton (compounds 4a1–6, 5a1–6) are more active than those obtained from sulfisoxazole (compounds 4b1–6, 5b1–6), and the N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamide derivatives 4a1–6, 4b1–6 are more active than their azetidionone analogues 5a1–6, 5b1–6

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 2-Azetidinones with Sulfonamide Structures

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Comparative Numerical Studies on the Structural Behavior of Buried Pipes Subjected to Extreme Environmental Actions

Globally, there are several critical infrastructure networks (water and gas networks) whose disruption or destruction would significantly affect the maintenance of vital societal functions, such as the health, safety, security, and social or economic well-being of people. They would also have significant local, regional, and national impacts as a result of the inability to maintain those functions, and would have similar cross-border effects. The main objective of this article is to investigate by comparative numerical studies the structural response of three types of buried pipes made of different materials, primarily steel, concrete, and high-density polyethylene, resulting from the impact of the environment through exceptional external actions, such as explosions at the surface of the land in the vicinity of the laying areas. The dynamic transient analysis of the equation of motion with the application of the explicit integration procedure was performed with the ANSYS numerical simulation program. This study allows designers to solve complex problems related to the quality of the laying ground of water networks to canals. The knowledge accumulated gives us the possibility to correctly specify the optimal economic and technical value of the ratio between the laying depth of pipes and their diameter, the importance of the radius ratio of the pipe and the thickness of its wall, and, importantly, the improvement of the quality of the foundation ground. Following the results obtained, it is estimated that the optimal economic and technical value of the ratio between the laying depth of the pipes (H) and their diameter (D) is 3, regardless of the material from which the pipe is made