Analysis of size-composition of endangered Tor putitora in the critical breeding and nursery grounds of the Nayar (Western Himalaya)

Size composition gives an overall estimate of the prevalent length of individuals in the fish stock and, hence, the stock's health. The present study analyzed the size-composition and population structure of Golden Mahseer, Tor putitora in the river Nayar that form their breeding and nursery grounds. The Nayar is located in the critical stretch of Devpryaag and Rishikesh (Garhwal Himalaya), free of any dam/barrage in the river Ganga. The Nayar basin is undergoing rapid land use changes due to increased mining and fellow land formations. This analysis was based on length frequency analysis data obtained from three sampling stations, S1, S2, and S3, in the Nayar River. The highest length frequency (53.3%) of Mahseer was recorded from the size class ranging between 10-20 cm, like earlier records, while only one individual measuring 121.9cm was procured. The length frequency decreases with increasing size beyond 30cm. In contrast to the past, the present study revealed a comparatively distorted population structure in the Nayar, where the pre-reproductive size groups showed dominance over the reproductive population. The reduced spawning biomass could jeopardize the recruitment of the next generation.

Analysis of Cellular and Subcellular Morphology using Machine Learning in Microscopy Images

Human cells undergo various morphological changes due to progression in the cell-cycle or environmental factors. Classification of these morphological states is vital for effective clinical decisions. Automated classification systems based on machine learning models are data-driven and efficient and help to avoid subjective outcomes. However, the efficacy of these models is highly dependent on the feature description along with the amount and nature of the training data. This thesis presents three studies of automated image-based classification of cellular and subcellular morphologies. The first study presents 3D Sorted Random Projections (SRP) which includes the proposed approach to compute 3D plane information for texture description of 3D nuclear images. The proposed 3D SRP is used to classify nuclear morphology and measure changes in heterochromatin, which in turn helps to characterise cellular states. Classification performance evaluated on 3D images of the human fibroblast and prostate cancer cell lines shows that 3D SRP provides better classification than other feature descriptors. The second study is on imbalanced multiclass and single-label classification of blood cell images. The scarcity of minority sam ples causes a drop in classification performance on minority classes. This study proposes oversampling of minority samples us ing data augmentation approaches, namely mixup, WGAN-div and novel nonlinear mixup, along with a minority class focussed sampling strategy. Classification performance evaluated using F1-score shows that the proposed deep learning framework out performs state-of-the art approaches on publicly available images of human T-lymphocyte cells and red blood cells. The third study is on protein subcellular localisation, which is an imbalanced multiclass and multilabel classification problem. In order to handle data imbalance, this study proposes an oversampling method which includes synthetic images constructed using nonlinear mixup and geometric/colour transformations. The regularisation capability of nonlinear mixup is further improved for protein images. In addition, an imbalance aware sampling strategy is proposed to identify minority and medium classes in the dataset and include them during training. Classification performance evaluated on the Human Protein Atlas Kaggle challenge dataset using F1-score shows that the proposed deep learning framework achieves better predictions than existing methods

Open reduction and internal fixation of fracture femur in a patient with severe ankylosing spondylitis utilizing continuous caudal epidural anaesthesia

We describe a patient with severe ankylosing spondylitis scheduled to undergo open reduction and internal fixation. We emphasise on alternative anaesthetic management in view of non-availability of fiberoptic bronchoscope and unwillingness of patient to go to higher centre. Regional (continuous caudal epidural) anesthesia has been used as technique of choice

Hotel Personnel Retention In Uttar Pradesh: A Study of HYATT Hotels

This study has been conveyed to check the impact of retention practices in hotels of Uttar Pradesh and find ideas to get fruitful result. Data collected through a questionnaire. Likert scales were used to build the survey tool. The sample size of the study is 30 and a method of sampling based on probability was used. It is found that four common factors influenced the decision of employees to join the hotel industry, including salary, career growth, senior positions, and job complications. The technology was used effectively by the most common parameters and sufficient resources were available, the working environment was safe, comfortable and appropriately equipped, and management followed consistent policies and practices. Five parameters were used which were important to the productivity of personnel' activities: satisfied with their coworkers, job meant for their performance, suitability for their growth in tomorrow’s time, and acceptance of employees’ views. Personnel of Uttar Pradesh's hotels had different views on scenarios that influenced personnel, many personnel think they will resign for greater career advancement opportunities and better job prospects

Primary ovarian ectopic pregnancy: early diagnosis is the key

Ectopic pregnancy means implantation of the embryo outside the uterine cavity. It may occur in the fallopian tubes, ovaries or the cervix. Primary ovarian ectopic is a very rare condition. In such cases preservation of ovary is extremely important, particularly in patients with infertility. We report a case of primary ovarian ectopic which was managed conservatively in a patient of primary infertility. Preservation of ovary is extremely important, particularly in patients with infertility

Sildenafil citrate to improve colour doppler indices in patient with pre-eclampsia: a path less taken

Presented a case of high-risk pregnancy of an elderly primigravida who had abnormal colour doppler indices. Addition of sildenafil citrate lead to improvement of colour doppler indices and growth parameters, thus prolonging the period of gestation by 6 weeks. This led to decreased neonatal ICU stay and reduction in neonatal morbidity

Pyometra in the postpartum: a forgotten complication

We report a case of 37 years old women who conceived after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Her antenatal course was uneventful. On delivery there was placenta acreta. She later presented in the postpartum period with pyometra. She was managed with conservative treatment. We believe that the placental bed sutures and the sloughing placenta could have led to sterile pyometra in this patient. This rare but important complication need to be kept in mind specially in high risk women with thin endometrium, h/o IVF, cervical encerclage, and placenta acreta

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR PERFORMANCE COMPARISON

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