Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina - not associated with diethylstilbestrol exposure

The primary clear cell adenocarcinoma (PCCA) of the vagina and the cervix are commonly associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES). However, it can occur without DES exposure in utero. Due to rare occurrence, there is paucity of data on the literature on non-DES associated PCCA of the vagina. Here we describe a case of 45 years old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding with small nodule in the vagina. The growth was excised and sent for histopathological examination, after which the diagnosis turned out to be a case of PPCA of the vagina. After the diagnosis, definite treatment was planned in the form of hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy and all structures were free of tumour on histopathological examination. The patient remained disease free on short term follow up. The rarity of the occurrence of such a case of PPCA of vagina in Indian scenario and the uniqueness of it in terms of non-association with DES exposure prompted us to report this case

Molluscum contagiosum involving an epidermoid cyst – a rare association and potential source of clinical misdiagnosis

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a viral infection of skin and mucous membrane commonly affecting the adolescents and young adults. Extensive lesions are usually common in immunocompromised patients. We herein report a rare case of MC in an epidermoid cyst (EC) in a 24-year-old immunocompetent male. The provisional clinical diagnosis was inflammed EC or lipoma. On histopathological examination the lesion displayed a unilocular EC in the deep dermis, the lining of which was infected by MC virus with characteristic inclusions.  The overlying epidermis was absolutely normal having no attachment with the cyst

Primary Intraparenchymal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney: A Rare and Unique Entity

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal parenchyma is a very unusual entity which needs to be differentiated from primary SCC of renal pelvis, SCC from another primary site, and urothelial carcinoma with extensive squamous differentiation. We are most probably describing the second case of primary SCC of the renal parenchyma in a 51-year-old male who presented with heaviness of right upper abdomen with intermittent pain in right flank. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed a mass in the right lower pole of the kidney and histopathology following nephrectomy displayed the features of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma without urothelial involvement

Sarcoma-like mural nodule in a borderline mucinous tumor of the ovary: A rare entity

Sarcoma-like mural nodule (SLMN) is a very uncommon and misleading benign entity which may be associated with benign, borderline or malignant mucinous neoplasm of the ovary. It should be distinguished from other malignant mural nodules with sarcoma, carcinosarcoma or anaplastic carcinoma for proper management. We report a rare case of SLMN in a borderline mucinous tumor of the ovary in a 30-year-old lady. In spite of having confusing histopathological features the final diagnosis was made depending on the younger age of the patient, well circumscription of the nodule, absence of vascular invasion and immunohistochemical profile

Healing effect of phenytoin on excisional wound in experimental albino rats

Background and Objective: A common side effect with phenytoin is gingival hyperplasia. This apparent stimulatory effect of phenytoin on connective tissue suggested the possibility for its use in wound healing. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 1% and 2% phenytoin ointment on the excisional wound healing process in experimental albino rats, in comparison to 5% betadine ointment. Materials and Methods: Albino rats of Wistar strain (150200 g) were divided randomly into four groups (n = 6). The animals were anesthetized with ether, shaved on the back, and the skin was disinfected using cotton and alcohol wipes. Excisional round, full-thickness skin wounds of diameter 15 mm were created in the paravertebral area, at 5 mm from the midline on the back of all the animals, using sterile disposable acuderm biopsy needle. The following medications were applied topically to the wound twice daily for a maximum of 20 days. Group A rats served as negative control (untreated). Group B rats were applied 5% betadine ointment (positive control). Group C and group D rats had 1% and 2% phenytoin powder applied on them, respectively. Wound healing was measured on days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 of the experiment. Number of days taken for complete epithelization of wound was also noted. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by TukeyKramer test and P 0.05). Conclusion: 2% phenytoin may be considered as an important agent for wound healing, but its role in the healing of infected wound needs to be explored further

Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina - not associated with diethylstilbestrol exposure

The primary clear cell adenocarcinoma (PCCA) of the vagina and the cervix are commonly associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES). However, it can occur without DES exposure in utero. Due to rare occurrence, there is paucity of data on the literature on non-DES associated PCCA of the vagina. Here we describe a case of 45 years old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding with small nodule in the vagina. The growth was excised and sent for histopathological examination, after which the diagnosis turned out to be a case of PPCA of the vagina. After the diagnosis, definite treatment was planned in the form of hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy and all structures were free of tumour on histopathological examination. The patient remained disease free on short term follow up. The rarity of the occurrence of such a case of PPCA of vagina in Indian scenario and the uniqueness of it in terms of non-association with DES exposure prompted us to report this case

Polymerase chain reaction and deoxyribonucleic acid-sequencing based study on distribution of human papillomavirus 16/18 among histopathological types of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and primary invasive cervical carcinoma: A scenario in North Bengal, India

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16/18 are reportedly most common in cervical cancer (CaCx) with geographical variation of genotypes. HPV16 predominates both in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma in India, contrary to reported global predominance of HPV18 in the latter. Our study was aimed to determine the occurrence of HPV16/18 among histopathological types of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive CaCx from North Bengal, India and to identify any major deviation from the known Indian scenario of distribution of HPV16/18 genotypes in cases of SCC and adenocarcinoma. MaterialsandMethods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, case-only type of study, in which 40 cases were histopathologically diagnosed as CIN/CaCx, on which polymerase chain reaction (PCR), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequencing and bioinformatics by basic search local alignment tool were performed for HPV-genotyping. StatisticalAnalysis: The distribution of HPV genotypes among cases of SCC and adenocarcinoma was compared by Fisher′s exact-test. Results: HPV was detected in 97.5% (39/40) cases. HPV16-infected cases (32/39; 82.05%) predominated over HPV18-infected ones (7/39; 17.95%). However, HPV18-only infection was significantly (P = 0.0045, one-sided Fisher′s exact test) more among adenocarcinoma (3/4; 75%) than SCC (2/26; 7.69%) contrary to HPV16-only infection (SCC = 24/26, 92.31%; adenocarcinoma = 1/4; 25%) whereas both CIN3 cases were HPV16-positive. Conclusion: Predominance of HPV18 over HPV16 in cases of adenocarcinoma in this region was contrasting to that of earlier Indian studies suggesting research on HPV18 related cervical carcinogenesis. PCR and DNA-sequencing could prove to be highly effective tools in HPV detection and genotyping. The study reported HPV16/18 infection in almost 98% of the cases, the knowledge about which might prove useful in future population based studies on HPV genotyping and designing of appropriate HPV-vaccines for this region