Isolated fallopian tube torsion

Fallopian tube torsion is a rare cause of acute abdomen, occurring commonly in females of reproductive age. It lacks pathognomonic symptoms, signs, or imaging features, thus causing delay in surgical intervention. Current study report one case of isolated fallopian tube torsion in adolescent girl. In this case a 13 year old patient presented with acute pain in the right iliac region associated with 3 episodes of vomiting for one day and severe tenderness on examination. Laparoscopy revealed right sided twisted fallopian tube associated with gangrenous fimbrial end. The tube was untwisted and salpingectomy done. Salpingectomy was done as the tube was gangrenous. Fallopian tube torsion, though rare, should be considered in women of reproductive age with unilateral pelvic pain. Early diagnostic laparoscopy is important for an accurate diagnosis and could prevent the rupture of the gangrenous tube.

Bibliography: Diseases, Parasites and Toxicology of Perna viridis,Crassostrea madrasensis and Villorita cyprinoids (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of India

A proper understanding of the hazards associated with the fishery products on national basis has been the primary objective of the AP Cess Funded National Network Project on National Risk Assessment Programme for Fish and Fish Products for Domestic and International Markets. In this connection, the bibliography is prepared with the sole aim to compile all the available literature on this subject to produce a ready source of reference material for future investigators. In spite of the meticulous task and completeness, the authors express their regrets for any errors or omissions

A clinical study of ectopic pregnancy: a five-year institutional experience

Background: Ectopic pregnancy contributes significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality. There is a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy over the past few decades, owing to rise in sexually transmitted infections, subfertility and its treatment with ART techniques. Objective of present work was to study the rate of ectopic pregnancy, associated risk factors, clinical course and management at SSIMS and RC.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at SSIMS and RC, Davangere from 01st January 2012 to 30th April 2017. A detailed analysis of case sheets done and all parameters analyzed. Institutional ectopic rate was calculated per 1000 deliveries.Results: Out of 43 women with ectopic gestation, 40 (93.02%) were tubal ectopic and 3 (6.98%) were ovarian ectopic. Institutional rate of ectopic is 11.54 per 1000 deliveries. STI’s are the commonest risk factor followed by subfertility. Diagnostic aid commonly used was pelvic ultrasound. There were no maternal deaths due to ectopic pregnancy. One third of the women presented with shock. 52.5% tubal and 66.6% ovarian ectopics were ruptured. All women with tubal ectopic were managed by salpingectomy either by open or laparoscopic method and ovarian ectopics managed by ipsilateral oophorectomy. Two-thirds of the women received blood transfusion and 5-7 days were required for post-operative recovery.Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the commonest gynecological emergency and there is a yearly increase in the rate of ectopic. STI’s and subfertility are important risk factors. Prevention, early detection and treatment of STI’s may play an important role in reducing the rate of ectopic pregnancy

Standardization of the method for estimation of ethambutol in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluid

A simple column chromatographic method for determination of ethambutol (EMB) in pharmaceutical preparations containing EMB in combination with other anti-TB drugs is presented. The method involved extraction of EMB into an organic solvent. followed by basification and column chromatographic separation on Amberlite CG 50 (100-200 mesh) and elution with suitable eluants and estimation at a wavelength of 270 nm. The assay was linear from 25 to 400 μg/ml. The relative standard deviations of intra and inter day assays were lower than 5%. Ethambutol was recovered from human urine quantitatively and stable for a period of atleast one week in urine stored at-20°C

Determination of gestational age: correlation between foetal biometry and transverse cerebellar diameter in women with uncomplicated pregnancy

Background: Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) serves as a reliable predictor of gestational age in foetus and is a standard against which aberrations in other foetal parameters can be compared, especially when the GA cannot be determined by the date of last menstrual period or early pregnancy scan, TCD is one foetal parameter that has remained consistently superior in predicting gestational age in both singleton and twin gestation. Aim of the study was to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of transverse cerebellar diameter by using ultrasonography for determining the gestational age of the foetus.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 100 uncomplicated pregnant patients between the 15th week of gestation to term referred from routine antenatal clinic in outpatient and in-patient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Vinayaka Mission Krupananda Variyar medical college and hospital, Salem during study period April 2015-March 2016. TCD is obtained in the axial plane in the cerebellar view i.e. with a slight rotation of the transducer approximately 30° from the conventional thalamic plane where the biparietal diameter is measured using the cavum septi pellucidi, third ventricle and thalami as landmarks.Results: The correlation of transcerebellar diameter (TCD) with that of BPD (bi-parietal diameter) had shown a perfect positive correlation (r = 0.978) and a similar type of correlation was also seen with HC (head circumference) (r = 0.979), AC (abdominal circumference) (r = 0.966), FL (femur length) (r = 0.976) and USG GA (ultrasonogram gestational age) (r = 0.983).Conclusions: In the normally developing foetus, the TCD increases in a linear fashion with advancing gestational age. The data of this study suggest foetal TCD on ultrasound is a reliable predictive biometric parameter of gestational age

Techniques of deep learning and image processing in plant leaf disease detection: a review

Computer vision techniques are an emerging trend today. Digital image processing is gaining popularity because of the significant upsurge in the usage of digital images over the internet. Digital image processing is a practice that can help in designing sophisticated high-end machines, which can hold the ophthalmic functionality of the human eye. In agriculture, leaf examination is important for disease identification and fair warning for any deficiency within the plant. Many prominent plant species are facing extinction because of a lack of knowledge. A proper realization of computer vision techniques aid in extracting a significant amount of information from leaf image. This necessitates the requirement of an automatic leaf disease detection method to diagnose disease occurrences and severity, for timely crop management, by spraying pesticides. This study focuses on techniques of digital image processing and machine learning rendered in plant leaf disease detection, which has great potential in precision agriculture. To support this study, techniques exercised by various researchers in recent years are tabulated

Prescription audit of outpatients in tertiary care government hospital

Background: Prescription audit is a tool as well as a technique by its application,all professionals will improve the quality of prescribing drugs. Standards of medical treatment can be assessed by prescription audit. It is based on documented evidences to support diagnosis, treatment and justified utilization of hospital facilities. Prescription audit is a quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care. In this background the present study was conducted. The objectives of the study were to know the frequently prescribed drugs in OPD, number of the drugs used per prescription and to find out the rationality.Methods: Study was conducted at Sri Chamarajendra Hospital, HIMS, Hassan in OPD of General Medicine.1000 prescriptions were collected and noted down the frequently used medication, number of drugs prescribed and their type of formulations for the particular diagnosis.Results: From the study it is noted that 1910 drugs out of 1000 prescriptions were prescribed which is approximately 1.91 drugs per prescription about 55% of the prescriptions contained single drug. Very few received 4-5 drugs (7%). Almost all the drugs in prescriptions were in Generic names. Around 95% of prescriptions doses were mentioned in mg, ml etc. The most commonly prescribed drugs in order are Antibiotics, antidiabetics antihypertensives, bronchodilators, steroids antiemetics and ORS were prescribed.Conclusions: Polypharmacy was not found in our prescriptions which indicates our prescriptions improved the patient conditions. This type of study will ensure to know the ‘P’ drug development and select the essential medicine list for various levels of health care

Development of bivalve farming as a source of income generation for women’s self-help groups in coastal India

The existing technologies of mussel and oyster farming were converted into an income-generating activity for coastal fishers, particularly for women’s self-help groups. As a result of a concerted approach, coupled with novel extension techniques, commercial mussel and oyster farming became established in the States of India, Kerala and susequently in Karnataka. Production in 2009 was over 20 000 tonnes making India one of the top ten bivalve farming countries in Asia. Innovations in these bivalve farming technologies simplified them, which resulted in an increase in profitability and made them attractive to farmers. During this process, the entire gamut of bivalve farming operations such as site identification, seed and spatfall calendars, remote setting, mechanization in seeding and harvesting, quality and depuration protocols, ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook products, organic farming protocols and environmental impact assessments were worked out. The success in commercializing the technologies was mainly a result of a unique synergy that was actively pursued and developed by technology developers, promoters, and credit advancers. This development scenario can serve as a role model for other states and developing nations where a similar hydrological, social, and market environment exists

Factors associated with polypharmacy in geriatrics

Background: In population with advancing age, the prevalence of medical co-morbid conditions is high and they are prone for complications. Hence the apprehension of using multiple drugs is more. Using more than 5 drugs per day is referred to as Polyphrmacy. Sometimes treatment causes more harm than the disease proper. So, optimizing drug therapy in these aging population is a challenging task for physician. Polypharmacy can also lead to increase in drug interactions, adverse drug reactions and medication errors. Hence the present study was taken up to study drug utilization pattern and factors leading to polypharmacy in geriatrics. The objectives of the study were to study the number and type of drug use and to know the different factors leading to polypharmacy.Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out among 60 geriatric persons ≥60 years of age present in old age home in Hassan. The study was done after taking the consent. All the prescriptions and medications being used along with history were collected and documented. The total number of drugs being used and names of all drugs were noted down and analysed. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Among 60 geriatrics 38% males and 62% females age ranges from 60- 87 years. Average number of drugs used per day per person is 5.03 (Males 6.2 and Females 3.8) in 58.03% of individuals. Most common group of drug used is Gastro intestinal system (78.3%) and most common drug being used is Tab. Ranitidine 140mg (50%). Next group is NSAIDs (68.33%) and most common drug being used is Tab. Diclofenac (46.7%). Antihypertensive drugs were prescribed in 53.3% of geriatrics, most commonly prescribed drug is Tab. Amlodipine (5mg). Self medication was found in 100%. Most common group of drugs used as self medication are GIT drugs, supplements and NSAIDs. In supplements (used in 63.3%), Cap. B Complex is widely used (50%).Conclusions: Polypharmacy was found in 58.3% of individuals and highest in age group between 71-75 years and self medication was found to be the most important factor leading to polypharmacy. To counteract the problems associated with Polypharmacy, interventional studies are needed to improve the quality of life of geriatrics patients

A questionnaire based study on the knowledge, attitude, practice of staff nurses about pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) - one of the global problems of major concern leading to morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous reporting of ADR is the cornerstone of Pharmacovigilance (PV) programme and it is important to reduce the risk of drug related harm to the patient. The active participation of healthcare professionals (Doctors, Nurses, Pharmacist) play a major role in the success of Pharmacovigilance. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice of Staff Nurses about Pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A Cross sectional, Observational questionnaire based study was carried out using a pre designed KAP questionnaire. Study included 100 staff nurses who were working in Hassan institute of medical sciences (HIMS). The results were analyzed using descriptive statisticsResults: In our study 65% participants knows the correct definition and 48.8% knows the important purpose of Pharmacovigilance and 77.5% aware of existence of ADR reporting system in India. There was huge gap between ADR experienced (53.8%) and ADR reported (21.3%). The determinants of under reporting from our study include Lack of time / overburdened (33.7%) and lack of knowledge about ADR (31.25%).Conclusions: This study showed that majority of participants understand the need for reporting of ADR. In spite of that the reporting rate of ADRs by them is very low. Hence, there is a need to create awareness about the importance of reporting ADR by conducting many Pharmacovigilance programme