Pattern of dyslipidaemia in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients- a study from rural tertiary care hospital in central India

Background: HIV/AIDS is a major health problem affecting the whole globe. With introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy longevity of HIV patient have increased and they are subjected to high cardiovascular risk as age increases due to various risk factors. Of these dyslipidaemia is one of important risk factor and HIV patients have different degree of deranged lipid profile. Various studies have shown different lipid derangement in these patients but most of them were conducted in urban areas, so this study was conducted to look for lipid profile in HIV patients who are resident of rural areas. Methods: This study was conducted on 66 HIV infected or AIDS cases. Each case was subjected to history taking, through clinical examination and fasting lipid levels. Dyslipidaemia was a classified using NCEP/ATP III guideline.Results: Of total 66 cases, there were 39 male and 27 female with average age of 37 years. Hypercholesterolemia was present in 50% of patients, hypertriglyceridemia in 36.4%. LDL and VLDL were raised in 37.9% and 36.4% respectably while HDL was found below 40 mg/dl in 37.9% of the patients. S. total cholesterol, HDL and LDL was found to have positive correlation while S. TG and VLDL have no significant correlation with CD4 count.Conclusions: Present studies have shown high prevalence of dyslipidaemia in different WHO clinical stage with variable correlation with CD4 count

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural population- a cross sectional study from Western Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Prevalence of non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease is on the rise due to the change in lifestyle, unfavourable dietary habits and obesity. Metabolic syndrome is a simple tool by which we can predict the future risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Studies showed that prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising in Indian population, but majority of them were done in urban population. This study was conducted to look into the current status of the metabolic syndrome in rural population.Methods: The study was conducted among a population of 2982. Each participant was subjected to clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and necessary laboratory investigations. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on modified NCEP: ATP III criteria.Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 11.7% and was higher among female population (13.8%) as compared to males (9.6%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased with increasing age. 28.3% of the participants over the age of 50 years had metabolic syndrome whereas it was only 0.4% below the age of 20 years. Nearly half (47.1%) of the obese individuals were suffering from metabolic syndrome implicating obesity as one of the most important risk factors in the etiopathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence was only 1.1% among the underweight group.Conclusions: Present study has shown moderate prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the rural population of Western Uttar Pradesh, India with a more female predisposition

Učinak faktora rasta i antioksidanta na in vitro dozrijevanje i diobu oocita in vitro proizvedenih embrija indijskog bivola (Bubalus bubalis).

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of growth factor in combination with antioxidant on the in vitro maturation (IVM) rate of oocytes and cleavage rates of in vitro fertilized (IVF) Indian Bubalus bubalis embryos. The cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries by aspirating follicles, and kept in maturation media (MM) for 24 h. The MM consisted of Group-1 (Control MM) - TCM 199 + 10% FBS + PMSG (20 IU/mL) + hCG (10 IU/mL) + Sodium pyruvate (0.80 mM) + L-glutamine (2 mM) + Gentamicin (50 μg/mL), Group-2 - Control MM + Epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/mL) + β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) (25 μM), Group -3 - Control MM + EGF (20 ng/mL) + β-ME (100 μM), Group-4 - Control MM + EGF (100 ng/mL) + β-ME (500 μM). After maturation in diverse maturation media, the media used for IVF and the subsequent development of embryos was the same in all groups. The present results revealed that 20 ng/mL EGF + 100 μM β-ME concentrations were optimum and showed a significant effect on oocyte maturation and further development. Also high concentrations of EGF + β-ME (100 ng/mL + 500 μM), showed a decrease in the cumulus expansion rate, polar body formation rate and cleavage rates. A significant improvement in cleavage rate was observed when oocytes were matured in maturation medium with 20 ng/mL EGF + 100 μM β-ME and capacitation and fertilization was carried out in BO medium compared with TALP medium (64.8 ± 3.8 vs 44.1 ± 2.9). No significant difference in cleavage rate was observed for oocytes matured in the control group, control group + 10 ng/mL EGF + 25 μM β-ME and control group + 100 ng/mL EGF + 500 μM β-ME, between BO and TALP medium, indicating the beneficial effect of the addition of 20 ng/mL EGF + 100 μM β-ME to the maturation media for improved Bubalus bubalis embryo production under in vitro culture.Istraživanje je poduzeto s ciljem da se procijeni učinak kombinacije čimbenika rasta i antioksidanta na in vitro dozrijevanje oocita i diobu in vitro proizvedenih zametaka indijskog bivola (Bubalus bubalis). Kompleksi kumulus oocita bili su prikupljeni s jajnika na klaonici aspiracijom folikula i držani u mediju za dozrijevanje tijekom 24 sata. Medij za dozrijevanje 1. skupine (kontrolne) sadržavao je TCM 199, 10% FBS, PMSG (20 IJ/mL), hCG (10 IJ/mL), natrijev piruvat (0,80 mM), L-glutamin (2 mM) i gentamicin (50 μg/mL). Mediji za dozrijevanje pokusnih skupina bili su sljedećeg sastava: 2. skupina, isto kao kontrolna uz dodatak epidermalnog faktora rasta EGF (10 ng/mL) i β-merkaptoetanola (β-ME) (25 μM); 3. skupina, kao i medij u kontrolnoj skupini s dodatkom EGF (20 ng/mL) i β-ME (100 μM) i 4. skupina, kao i kontrolna uz dodatak EGF (100 ng/mL) i β-ME (500 μM). Nakon dozrijevanja u različitim medijima, za in vitro oplodnju i razvoj embrija u svim skupinama korišten je isti medij. Rezultati pokazuju da su koncntracije od 20 ng/mL EGF i 100 μM β-ME bile optimalne i pokazivale značajan učinak na dozrijevanje oocita i budući razvoj. Također, visoke koncentracije EGF i β-ME (100 ng/mL + 500 μM) pokazale su smanjenje stupnja ekspanzije kumulusa, stupnja formiranja polarnog tijela i stupnja diobe. Signifikantno poboljšanje stupnja diobe opaženo je kod dozrijevanja oocita u mediju kojem je dodano 20 ng/mL EGF i 100 μM β-ME, a kapacitacija i oplodnja provedena je u BO mediju u usporedbi s TALP medijem (64,8 ± 3,8 prema 44,1 ± 2,9). Signifikantna razlika nije utvrđena za stupanj diobe kod oocita koje su dozrijevale u kontrolnoj skupini, u skupini s dodatkom 10 ng/mL EGF i 25 μM β-ME, skupini s dodatkom 100 ng/mL EGF i 500 μM β-ME, kao i između BO and TALP medija. Navedeno ukazuje na povoljan učinak dodavanja 20 ng/mL EGF i 100 μM β-ME u medij za dozrijevanje embrija indijskog bivola (Bubalus bubalis) koji su proizvedeni uz pomoć in vitro kulture

Comparative evaluation of equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutic tools for the treatment of tendon rupture and other musculoskeletal injuries in horses. Although MSCs from bone marrow and adipose tissues are commonly used for therapeutic purpose in equines, umbilical cord blood (UCB) and amniotic fluid (AF) are potential non-invasive sources of MSCs. We collected AF and UCB from twenty mares during foaling for isolation of MSCs and evaluated them for the differences in isolation rates, proliferation capacity, expression of MSC markers and multi-lineage differentiation ability. The plastic adherent colonies were observed in 60% AF and 65% UCB samples. The mean doubling time for AF cells was significantly lower than that of UCB cells. The AF-MSCs proliferated till passage 36 whereas UCB-MSCs till passage 20 only. Both AF and UCB derived cells expressed CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105 and were negative for haematopoietic and leukocytic markers (CD14, CD34 and CD45). The CD90 and CD73 expression was significantly higher in AF derived cells as compared to UCB-MSCs. On the other hand, CD29 expression was significantly lower in AF derived cells as compared to UCB derived cells. The UCB-MSCs differentiated poorly to adipogenic lineage compared to AF-MSCs. These results suggested that equine AF yields more MSCs with greater in vitro proliferation and differentiation capacities and is better non-invasive source of MSCs for regenerative therapies in equines

BRITER: A BMP Responsive Osteoblast Reporter Cell Line

BACKGROUND: BMP signaling pathway is critical for vertebrate development and tissue homeostasis. High-throughput molecular genetic screening may reveal novel players regulating BMP signaling response while chemical genetic screening of BMP signaling modifiers may have clinical significance. It is therefore important to generate a cell-based tool to execute such screens. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have established a BMP responsive reporter cell line by stably integrating a BMP responsive dual luciferase reporter construct in the immortalized calvarial osteoblast cells isolated from tamoxifen inducible Bmp2; Bmp4 double conditional knockout mouse strain. This cell line, named BRITER (BMP Responsive Immortalized Reporter cell line), responds robustly, promptly and specifically to exogenously added BMP2 protein. The sensitivity to added BMP may be further increased by depleting the endogenous BMP2 and BMP4 proteins. CONCLUSION: As the dynamic range of the assay (for BMP responsiveness) is very high for BRITER and as it responds specifically and promptly to exogenously added BMP2 protein, BRITER may be used effectively for chemical or molecular genetic screening for BMP signaling modifiers. Identification of novel molecular players capable of influencing BMP signaling pathway may have clinical significance

Retracted: Risk of cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients in rural population of Central India

The article titled “Risk of cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients in rural population of Central India” by Singh PS published in International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2017;5(4):1563-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171266 is retracted.After the publication of the above article, one of the publishers reported that a large part of the text is plagiarized from a similar article published in Journal of Anthropology, Volume 2014, Article ID 421439, 9 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/421439 (Mary Grace Tungdim, T. Ginzaniang, G. Poufullung Kabui, Deepali Verma, Satwanti Kapoor. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Diabetic Patients in Manipur, Northeast India). We contacted the author who could not satisfactorily respond to our queries. Since the author could not satisfactorily defend his paper and contravened the declaration he made while submitting his manuscript, it was decided to retract the article from International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences and not to consider any manuscript submitted by him in future

First total syntheses of (+)-garvensintriol and (+)-5-epi-garvensintriol

A concise and efficient carbohydrate-based approach for the total syntheses of (+)-garvensintriol and (+)-5-epi-garvensintriol is described in nine and six steps with 20% and 37% overall yield, respectively, starting from a known intermediate. A sequence of Grignard-assisted lactol opening with terminal alkyne, stereoselective keto reduction and oxidative lactonization are the key reactions

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Not AvailableA 12-week triplicate feeding trials was conducted to assess the use of variousproteins, in combination with glucosamine by asiancat fish, Clarias batrachus (av. wt. 2.2+0.01 to 2.5+0.02 g) fingerling. Six (31.18 to 43.52 % CP, 15.53 to 16.76 kJ/g energy, and crude lipid 0.0 to 6.70%) practical diets were formulated using plant protein (PP) or animal protein (AP) with glucosamine @ 0.0, 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 % with basal ingredients(F-1, PAG 0:100:0.5; F-2, PAG 0:100:5.0; F-3, PAG 0:100:10.0; F-4, PAG:: 100:0:0.5; F-5, PAG:: 100:0:5.0; F-6, PAG:: 100:0:10.0). The final weight gain was recorded as 21.2+1.4 g, 19.5+0.8 g, 19.6+0.2 g, 18.4+0.7 g, 17.5+0.6 g, 16.9+0.4 g and 13.24+1.2g in control. It is concluded that the growth is better in total animal protein feeds and the best growth (p<0.05) recorded in the feed incorporated with 10% glucosamine. The survival was recorded in between 60+4.1% to 73+ 2.8%. Results indicate that animal protein rich diets with glucosamine were much acceptable than plant protein and/or natural diets for C. batrachus, however, the growth performances and FCR with PPwere also improved, from control feeding trials, in combination with glucosamine.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableA 12-week triplicate feeding trials was conducted to assess the use of variousproteins, in combination with glucosamine by asiancat fish, Clarias batrachus (av. wt. 2.2+0.01 to 2.5+0.02 g) fingerling. Six (31.18 to 43.52 % CP, 15.53 to 16.76 kJ/g energy, and crude lipid 0.0 to 6.70%) practical diets were formulated using plant protein (PP) or animal protein (AP) with glucosamine @ 0.0, 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 % with basal ingredients(F-1, PAG 0:100:0.5; F-2, PAG 0:100:5.0; F-3, PAG 0:100:10.0; F-4, PAG:: 100:0:0.5; F-5, PAG:: 100:0:5.0; F-6, PAG:: 100:0:10.0). The final weight gain was recorded as 21.2+1.4 g, 19.5+0.8 g, 19.6+0.2 g, 18.4+0.7 g, 17.5+0.6 g, 16.9+0.4 g and 13.24+1.2g in control. It is concluded that the growth is better in total animal protein feeds and the best growth (p<0.05) recorded in the feed incorporated with 10% glucosamine. The survival was recorded in between 60+4.1% to 73+ 2.8%. Results indicate that animal protein rich diets with glucosamine were much acceptable than plant protein and/or natural diets for C. batrachus, however, the growth performances and FCR with PPwere also improved, from control feeding trials, in combination with glucosamine.Not Availabl