Plant Material, Deterioration Rate And Lifespan Estimation Of The Gorilla gorilla diehli Nest Types On The Cameroon Ka-Gwene Mountain Range.

A study on the identification of plant material, estimation of deterioration rate and mean lifespan of the Gorilla gorilla diehli nest types was conducted on the Ka-Gwene mountain range between April and July, 2004.Thirty four (34) nest sites were identified from signs such as noise, faecal droppings, food remains and footprints along the Gorilla trail and monitored for 34 days each. Herbs, shrubs, tree branches, trunks and Lianas were observed as materials used for nest building. 29.4%, 52.9% and 17.7% of nests were constructed with one, two and three plant materials respectively. Five nest types (Herbaceous, mixed, woody, tree and zero type) were found with a mean deterioration rate of 16.1% at 35 days. This rate varied with the type of raw plant material used. The average lifespan of a nest was 62 days with the tree nest type having the longest duration of 134 days followed by the woody type with 104 days, mixed type with 70 days, herbaceous 35 days and the zero type with 1 day. Although about 20% of tree branches around nests were bent or broken, daily nest building had no major impact on the forest ecosystem. Keywords: Nest type, plant material, deterioration rate, lifespan, Gorilla gorilla.L'étude de l'identification du matériel végétal, de l'estimation du taux de détérioration et de la durée moyen de vie des nids du Gorilla gorilla diehli a été menée sur la chaîne de montagnes Ka-Gwene entre Avril et Juillet, 2004. 34 sites de nids ont été identifiés et surveillés pendant 34 jours chacun à travers les signes tels que : le bruire, les crottes, les déchets alimentaires, et les empreintes de pas le long de la piste du Gorille. Les matériaux de construction de nid étaient constitués d'herbes, d'arbrisseaux, de branches d'arbres, de troncs et Lianes. 29.4%, 52.9% et 17.7% des nids ont été construits respectivement avec un, deux et trois matériels végétaux. Le taux de détérioration moyen était de 16.1% après 35 jours et varié avec le type de matériel végétal utilisé. Cinq types de nids (Herbacé, associé, boisé, arbre et zéro) ont été identifiés avec une durée de vie moyenne de 62 jours. La durée de vie des nids variés en fonction de la nature et des parties du matériel végétal utilisé. Ces durées moyennes étaient de 134, 104, 70, 35, et 1 jours respectivement pour les types d'arbre, boisé, associé, herbacé et zéro. En définitif, près de 20% de branches d'arbres autour des nids étaient soient courbées ou cassées, mais la construction journalière des nids n\'avait aucun impact majeur sur l\'écosystème forestier. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences Vol. 4 (2) 2006: pp. 170-17

Correction: The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research.

Correction for 'The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research' by James B. McAlpine et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2018, DOI:

The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research

With contributions from the global natural product (NP) research community, and continuing the Raw Data Initiative, this review collects a comprehensive demonstration of the immense scientific value of disseminating raw nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, independently of, and in parallel with, classical publishing outlets. A comprehensive compilation of historic to present-day cases as well as contemporary and future applications show that addressing the urgent need for a repository of publicly accessible raw NMR data has the potential to transform natural products (NPs) and associated fields of chemical and biomedical research. The call for advancing open sharing mechanisms for raw data is intended to enhance the transparency of experimental protocols, augment the reproducibility of reported outcomes, including biological studies, become a regular component of responsible research, and thereby enrich the integrity of NP research and related fields

The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research

With contributions from the global natural product (NP) research community, and continuing the Raw Data Initiative, this review collects a comprehensive demonstration of the immense scientific value of disseminating raw nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, independently of, and in parallel with, classical publishing outlets. A comprehensive compilation of historic to present-day cases as well as contemporary and future applications show that addressing the urgent need for a repository of publicly accessible raw NMR data has the potential to transform natural products (NPs) and associated fields of chemical and biomedical research. The call for advancing open sharing mechanisms for raw data is intended to enhance the transparency of experimental protocols, augment the reproducibility of reported outcomes, including biological studies, become a regular component of responsible research, and thereby enrich the integrity of NP research and related fields

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used