Students, schools, and socio-economic change: education as a factor of social and economic change in rual Kenya

This paper presents preliminary results of an ethnographic study of the Kuria of Kenya. The analysis highlights the factors and processes of socioeconomic differentiation and seeks to demonstrate how key institutions, ideologies and cultural typifications reproduce unequal situations. The paper begins with a history of formal education in South Nyanza District and in the two locations under study. The second section examines patterns of school attendance; the third section explores the quality of education; and the fourth looks at the relationship of educational attainment to employment and income

Demography and economy in a rural community

This paper is a report of on-going research which examines the demography and the economy of a Kuria location and draws out the relationship between the two. It represents the first step of a detailed ethnographic study of the cultural expressions of social and economic differentiation whose twofold objective is to l) demonstrate the factors and processes of differentiation, and 2) to examine how unequal situations are reproduced and legitimated through key institutions, ideologies, and cultural typifications providing the framework by which people explain and understand their situation and the events of their lives. An examination of the demographic structure shows an increasingly young population made up of mainly children. This is both a result of the cumulative effects of high population growth and of the increasing practice of polygamy and omoka mona marriage. These factors also contribute to the high incidence of homesteads without male heads, and a very high ratio of dependents to productive members. For analytical purposes, the sample homesteads have been divided according to the stage within the development cycle that they have reached, and this information has been used to set up a comparison with their economic standing. In investigating the economy, we see that though agriculture remains the main source of cash income, off-farm income from occupations and jobs is of key importance to the economy. We also see that the homesteads in the latest stages of development depend mostly on farming. The reverse is true when it comes to occupational and business income. Having the highest income, both per homestead and per capita are the homes within the penultimate stage of development, which rely both on agricultural and off-farm sources of income