Railing for safety: Job demands, job control, and safety citzenship role definition.

This study investigated job demands and job control as predictors of safety citizenship role definition, that is, employees ’ role orientation toward improving workplace safety. Data from a survey of 334 trackside workers were framed in the context of R. A. Karasek’s (1979) job demands–control model. High job demands were negatively related to safety citizenship role definition, whereas high job control was positively related to this construct. Safety citizenship role definition of employees with high job control was buffered from the influence of high job demands, unlike that of employees with low job control, for whom high job demands were related to lower levels of the construct. Employees facing both high job demands and low job control were less likely than other employees to view improving safety as part of their role orientation

Smart Certification Of Mixed Criticality Systems

Abstract. High integrity applications, such as those performing safety or security critical functions, are usually built to conform to standards such RTCA DO-178B [1] or UK Def Stan 00-55 [2]. Typically such standards define ascending levels of criticality each of which requires a different and increasingly onerous level of verification. It is very common to find that real systems contain code of multiple criticality levels. For example, a critical control system may generate a non-critical usage log. Unless segregation can be demonstrated to a very high degree of confidence, there is usually no alternative to verifying all the software components to the standard required by the most critical element, leading to an increase in overall cost. This paper describes the novel use of static analysis to provide a robust segregation of differing criticality levels, thus allowing appropriate verification techniques to be applied at the subprogram level. We call this fine-grained matching of verification level to subprogram criticality smart certification.