Historical Injustice, Agency, and Resentment

In societies marked by deep and enduring structural inequality – often along lines of caste, race, gender, or other forms of identity – how is responsibility for such injustice assigned? How is the agency necessary to overcome historical injustice imagined? These lectures will use Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar’s writings as a starting point to explore the moral psychology of responding to historical injustice

Historical Injustice, Agency, and Resentment

In societies marked by deep and enduring structural inequality – often along lines of caste, race, gender, or other forms of identity – how is responsibility for such injustice assigned? How is the agency necessary to overcome historical injustice imagined? These lectures will use Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar’s writings as a starting point to explore the moral psychology of responding to historical injustice

Caste Formalism: The Law and Politics of Equality in India

In modern constitutional democracies, achieving equality has long been a challenge. In recent years, theorists have focused on understanding the meaning of discrimination and determining when and how discrimination becomes problematic. One critical issue that has long animated discussions on both the general guarantee of equality and the specific goals of anti-discrimination law is the relationship between individuals and groups. If a constitutional order aims to take equality seriously, how should it address the experiences of specific groups historically subjected to discrimination? Indeed, questions of equality and discrimination often converge around the issue of affirmative action, sometimes at the expense of a deeper understanding of discrimination itself. This Article studies the evolution of reservations in India. It argues that the reservations scheme has, over time, come to embody a distinct kind of formalism, namely caste formalism. To understand the emergence and implications of caste formalism requires attending to the development of legal doctrine, the forms of sociological change and political mobilization, and the nature of identity and citizenship

Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pathogens Causing Pyogenic Infections At A Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India

Background: Pyogenic infection is a bacterial infection that leads to the formation of pus. Antibiotics are routinely prescribed to treat these pyogenic bacterial infections, but their toxicity poses a severe threat. It is important to know the antimicrobial resistance profile of such pathogens for proper management of the patients. Objectives: To determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of pyogens. Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 678 pus samples were received and processed for aerobic culture from various departments. Standard techniques were used to identify isolates from positive pus cultures, and CLSI standards were used to identify antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Results: Out of the 678 samples, 347 (51.18%) showed growth of pathogenic bacteria. Two hundred seventeen two (40.11%) Gram positive cocci and 75 (11.06%) Gram negative bacilli isolates were identified. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate (57.5%). Most of the isolates were highly resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs like Amoxycillin clavulanate. Most of the gram positive isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin. Most of the Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to imipenem. Conclusion: Microbiological profile findings of pus culture isolates as well as their pattern of antimicrobial resistant may aid in the formulation of antibiotic policies for pyogenic infections

Compact Linnik-type hyperspectral quantitative phase microscope for advanced classification of cellular components

Hyperspectral quantitative phase microscopy (HS-QPM) involves the acquisition of phase images across narrow spectral bands, which enables wavelength-dependent study of different biological samples. In the present work, a compact Linnik-type HS-QPM system is developed to reduce the instability and complexity associated with conventional HS-QPM techniques. The use of a single objective lens for both reference and sample arms makes the setup compact. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated by evaluating the HS phase map of both industrial and biological specimens. Phase maps of exfoliated cheek cells at different wavelengths are stacked to form a HS phase cube, adding spectral dimensionality to spatial phase distribution. Analysis of wavelength response of different cellular components are performed using principal component analysis to identify dominant spectral features present in the HS phase dataset. Findings of the study emphasize on the efficiency and effectiveness of HS-QPM for advancing cellular characterization in biomedical research and clinical applications