Interim Restorative Approach for the Management of Congenitally Missing Permanent Mandibular Incisors: Presentation of Three Cases

Congenital missing of mandibular permanent incisors with retained primary incisors may jeopardize the esthetic appearance and psychological development of children, especially during the years of transition into adolescence. The retained primary teeth are necessary for the maintenance and normal development of alveolar bone, which in turn is essential for future definitive rehabilitation. In such situations, an interim restoration may be provided before any definitive treatment is given to comfort the young patient during this transition period. Interim restorations may include resin-modified additions to the existing teeth as well as more sophisticated restorations such as resin-retained bridge and removable partial dentures. However, this restoration differs for different clinical situations based on various factors such as age and patient compliance, and also consideration has to be given for the growth changes of the child. The aim of this present paper is to discuss the esthetic management of three cases with bilateral agenesis of permanent mandibular incisors and retained primary incisors with composite interim restoration

Post kidney transplant infections with special reference to cytomegalovirus

Background: The burden of infectious disease is high among kidney transplant recipients because of concomitant immunosuppression. Methods: Study was a retrospective and prospective cohort study. The study was conducted for a period of 12 months and 30 transplant recipients were included. Results: Males comprised 86.66% of the study population. The mean age of the recipients was 37.96 years. UTI was the most common post-transplant infection observed in 15 patients (50%) of 30 patients. E. Coli infection was most predominant (50%) causing UTI. 5 patients (16.66%) in this study developed tuberculosis after renal transplantation. Two patients (6.66%) developed CMV infection in the study. Two patients (6.66%) developed COVID-19 infection in the study. Two patients (6.66%) developed herpes infection post-transplant. One patient (3.33%) in the study developed cryptococcal meningitis. One patient (3.33%) developed hepatitis C after 18 years of transplant. One patient (3.33%) developed hepatitis B after 10 years of transplant. Three patients (10%) developed lower respiratory tract infection and developed acute respiratory distress. Three patients (10%) had developed acute graft rejection within first year after transplantation. There are total of 13 deaths (43.33%) among 30 patients all of which were secondary to infections. Total of 4 patients among the 13 deaths had chronic graft rejection. Most common cause of death was tuberculosis (38.46%) followed by UTI (23%) and Lower respiratory tract infection (23%). Conclusions: The incidence of infections is relatively higher in kidney transplant recipients when compared to general populations due to immunosuppression

Muon production in low-energy electron-nucleon and electron-nucleus scattering

Recently, muon production in electron-proton scattering has been suggested as a possible candidate reaction for the identification of lepton-flavor violation due to physics beyond the Standard Model. Here we point out that the Standard-Model processes $e^- p \to \mu^- p \bar{\nu}_\mu \nu_e$ and $e^- p \to e^- n \mu^+ \nu_\mu$ can cloud potential beyond-the-Standard-Model signals in electron-proton collisions. We find that Standard-Model $e p \to \mu X$ cross sections exceed those from lepton-flavor-violating operators by several orders of magnitude. We also discuss the possibility of using a nuclear target to enhance the $e p \to \mu X$ signal.Comment: 24 pages. Additional figure showing energy-dependence of total cross section, minor changes to text. Conclusions unaltered. This version to appear in Physical Review