HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LERCANIDIPINE HCL AND ATENOLOL, CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS DEGRADANTS BY LC-MS/MS

Objective: An assay method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Lercanipine HCl and atenolol using RP-HPLC. Methods: An effective chromatographic separation was achieved using waters symmetry C18 column of dimensions 150x4.6 mm, 3.5 μm, as a stationary phase. 0.1 percent ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in 50:50 v/v was used as a mobile process with a rate of flow 1 ml/min and UV detection was carried out at 230 nm, respectively. Isocratic chromatography at ambient temperature was performed. Results: Lercanidipine HCl and atenolol were separated by a running time of around 8 min. at 2.925 min. and 6.482 min. Respectively. By injecting the norm six times, device suitability parameters were studied and the outcomes were well under the acceptance criteria. The linearity analysis was performed at levels ranging from 10% to 150% and the R2 value was found to be 0.999. Conclusion: Assay method validation was performed by using the marketed formulation and found to be within the limit. Degradation tests were conducted and the degradants were characterized by using LC-MS/MS

North American Wild Relatives of Grain Crops

The wild-growing relatives of the grain crops are useful for long-term worldwide crop improvement research. There are neglected examples that should be accessioned as living seeds in gene banks. Some of the grain crops, amaranth, barnyard millet, proso millet, quinoa, and foxtail millet, have understudied unique and potentially useful crop wild relatives in North America. Other grain crops, barley, buckwheat, and oats, have fewer relatives in North America that are mostly weeds from other continents with more diverse crop wild relatives. The expanding abilities of genomic science are a reason to accession the wild species since there are improved ways to study evolution within genera and make use of wide gene pools. Rare wild species, especially quinoa relatives in North American, should be acquired by gene banks in cooperation with biologists that already study and conserve at-risk plant populations. Many of the grain crop wild relatives are weeds that have evolved herbicide resistance that could be used in breeding new herbicide-resistant cultivars, so well-documented examples should be accessioned and also vouchered in gene banks

Mechanism and kinetics of thermal decomposition of precipitates of the zinc oxide-aluminium oxide system from non-isothermal tg curves

Kinetics of decomposition of the precipitates of the ZnO&2sbndAl2O3 system, prepared by coprecipitation and mechanical mixing of the individual precipitates, have been studied. The decomposition of zinc basic carbonate is a first order rate process with an activation energy of 34.5 kcal/mole (Coats and Redfern equation). The decomposition of aluminium hydroxide is also best described as a first order rate process with one break in the Coats and Redfern plot corresponding to activation energies of 29.4 and 8.3 kcal/mole respectively. The entire course of decomposition of coprecipitated as well as mechanically mixed samples cannot be described by any one of the many rate equations available. Consequently, the Coats and Redfern equation has been employed. The plots indicate one or two breaks and thus two to three values of activation energy are reported. From the results it is to be concluded that decomposition of these precipitates is a heterogeneous process. The first step is definitely the decomposition of zinc basic carbonate followed by decomposition of aluminium hydroxide and/or interaction of the two precipitates resulting in the formation of "precursor" to spinel. The results of our earlier investigation on the same system (especially the formation of precursors) are well supported by the results reported in this investigation. p]A new equation (a modified form of the Elovich equation) has been proposed for such heterogeneous decomposition processes. The proposed equation also appears to be the general form of the equations where diffusion is the rate controlling process

Peanut Stem Necrosis: A New Disease of Groundnut in India.Information Bulletin No.67

The first known instance of tobacco steak virus (TSV) is groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was recorded when it caused a disease epidemic year in the year 2000 in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India. The disease was named as peanut stem necrosis disease (PSND). It is distinguish between PSND and peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND), another economically important virus disease of groundnut based on symptoms alone Techniques have been developed for precise diagnosis of the disease by ELISA and by the reaction of indicator hosts. TSV infects several economically important……………………