Logical Concurrency Control from Sequential Proofs

We are interested in identifying and enforcing the isolation requirements of a concurrent program, i.e., concurrency control that ensures that the program meets its specification. The thesis of this paper is that this can be done systematically starting from a sequential proof, i.e., a proof of correctness of the program in the absence of concurrent interleavings. We illustrate our thesis by presenting a solution to the problem of making a sequential library thread-safe for concurrent clients. We consider a sequential library annotated with assertions along with a proof that these assertions hold in a sequential execution. We show how we can use the proof to derive concurrency control that ensures that any execution of the library methods, when invoked by concurrent clients, satisfies the same assertions. We also present an extension to guarantee that the library methods are linearizable or atomic

A prospective study of combination of TOT with various modes of hysterectomy

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transobturator tape (TOT) in patients with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) and advanced genital prolapsed with various modes of Hysterectomy.Methods: It is a retrospective study, carried out in the duration November 2013 to September 2016. All patients from Gynecological OPD of K B Bhabha General Hospital were recruited for the present study.Results: Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using appropriate statistical tests.Conclusions: TOT is equally effective alone and in combination of any mode of hysterectomy, provided the surgeon is experienced enough with required expertise

A correlation of hysterolaparoscopic findings and BACTEC culture in infertility

Background: Infertility is agonising condition. Tuberculosis is an important health problem worldwide. One third of the world’s population is currently affected with tuberculosis. Hysterolaparoscopy is a well-recognized procedure for the diagnosis of infertility. Culture for TB bacilli is the gold standard for diagnosis of genital TB.Methods: Infertile women undergoing dilatation and curettage with hysterolaparoscopy with normal husband semen analysis as a part of their infertility workup at M. G. M. Medical Hospital, Kalamboli. Sample size: 30.Results: Incidence of GTB=22.85%, 25-29 year followed by 35-40 years’ age group was the most common age group was observed. In our study, 74.3% infertility pattern was primary, 25.7% were secondary only 2.85 % (n =1) of the cases of GTB were diagnosed by using TB BACTEC. Laparoscopic findings su0ggested that 18 cases had normal findings and 8 cases had laparoscopic features suggestive of GTB. On chromo pertubation, delayed and absent spillage of the dye was seen in 2 cases. On Hysteroscopy, 29 cases (82.9%) of the patients had normal findings and 3 cases had Hysteroscopic features suggestive of GTB.Conclusions: Genital tuberculosis remains an important under diagnosed cause of infertility. Though culture is considered as gold standard for diagnosis of genital tuberculosis, since GTB is paucibacillary there is an urgent need for more research to come to conclusion whether culture is still gold standard. Further research is required to detect the most sensitive method for diagnosis

A study on contraceptive knowledge, attitudes and practices among women in the reproductive age group

Background: India, with one of the world’s fastest growing populations, is a nation very much in need of contraceptive counselling. To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding family planning methods and contraceptive practices among women of reproductive age group.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in which 547 women in the reproductive age group i.e., 15-45 years, attending a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai were interviewed with predesigned validated questionnaire. A total of 547 women were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire from January 2016 to December 2016. The proforma included details such as socio-demographic features, questions related to knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding contraceptive use.Results: Out of 547 women interviewed, 498 (i.e. 91%) had displayed an awareness of family planning methods (permanent/temporary). Out   of these 498 women, about 78% had procured the information from family and friends. 13% got their information through mass media. Only 9% of women had been counselled in detail by health personnel about the various contraceptive options available. Out of 547 women interviewed, 342 (62.5%) were using contraception. More than a third of these women (26.8%), resort to barrier contraception as a contraceptive method of choice for spacing and to prevent an unwanted pregnancy. Only 17% women used OC Pills as a contraceptive method though 66% women knew about them. Though 59.4% of the women knew about IUCDs only 3.5% were actually using IUCD. Most of the women were in the younger age group of 21-30years (62%) and already had one or two children.Conclusions: Ignorance regarding use and side effects various contraceptive methods is the reason for inadequate practice of family planning methods. There should be emphasis on focused awareness programs, based on bridging the knowledge gaps among the women in reproductive age group

JPEG2000-Based Semantic Image Compression using CNN

Some of the computer vision applications such as understanding, recognition as well as image processing are some areas where AI techniques like convolutional neural network (CNN) have attained great success. AI techniques are not very frequently used in applications like image compression which are a part of low-level vision applications. Intensifying the visual quality of the lossy video/image compression has been a huge obstacle for a very long time. Image processing tasks and image recognition can be addressed with the application of deep learning CNNs as a result of the availability of large training datasets and the recent advances in computing power. This paper consists of a CNN-based novel compression framework comprising of Compact CNN (ComCNN) and Reconstruction CNN (RecCNN) where they are trained concurrently and ideally consolidated into a compression framework, along with MS-ROI (Multi Structure-Region of Interest) mapping which highlights the semiotically notable portions of the image. The framework attains a mean PSNR value of 32.9dB, achieving a gain of 3.52dB and attains mean SSIM value of 0.9262, achieving a gain of 0.0723dB over the other methods when compared using the 6 main test images. Experimental results in the proposed study validate that the architecture substantially surpasses image compression frameworks, that utilized deblocking or denoising post- processing techniques, classified utilizing Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measures (SSIM) with a mean PSNR, SSIM and Compression Ratio of 38.45, 0.9602 and 1.75x respectively for the 50 test images, thus obtaining state-of-art performance for Quality Factor (QF)=5

A comparison of intravaginal misoprostol with sublingual misoprostol for second trimester medical termination of pregnancy

Background: Second trimester abortions generally account for less number of patients as compared to first trimester abortions as patients generally come earlier as soon as pregnancy is recognized but now days due to advent of USG many cases of fetal anomaly are detected earlier accounting for increasing number of cases of second trimester.Methods: Present study was conducted among patients with pregnancy between 13-20 weeks of period of gestation (to be randomly assigned) after getting approval from institutional ethics committee and informed consent from the patient. Participants were randomly allocated to receive 400 µg of misoprostol either sublingually or intravaginally every six hours for a maximum of 5 doses. The blood pressure, pulse rate & temperature and side effects monitored every 3 hrs. If women in either group failed to abort after 48 hours of initiation of treatment termed as failure. In cases of failure they were given additional doses of sublingual misoprostol till abortion occurred. Primary outcome variable compared was success rate at 48 hours. Secondary outcome variables compared were bleeding patterns, completeness of abortion, induction abortion interval and any side effects.Results: It has been found that vaginal misoprostol 400 micro gm achieved a success rate to 100% in 48 hours, while the success rate was 93.33% with the sublingual route. (P = 0.4915, NS).Conclusions: Thus from our limited study population, we conclude that there is no significant difference in efficacy and complications between the two routes, although a larger cohort is required to get more dependable result.

DMPA: acceptance and compliance in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India

Background: The use of safe and effective contraception is the need of the hour in India, which has one of the world’s largest and fastest growing population. Contraceptive advice is a vital component of good community health.Methods: The present study was conducted in one of the premier teaching medical institute of Mumbai. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptance and compliance of DMPA (Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate) among women attending family planning OPD. The study was conducted over the period of 3 years. Meticulous follow up was kept for all the women recruited in the study.Results: The study concluded that DMPA is highly effective contraceptive with low failure rate, when women are effectively counselled. Also, it should be made freely and easily available through health care facilities.Conclusions: It should be available as a first line method to all who wish to opt for reversible methods of contraceptive

Progesterone only pills: an effective contraceptive option for lactating women

Background: Progesteone only pills (POP) are the most suitable for breastfeeding women as they have no effect on quality and quantity of breast milk in lactating women or on infant growth as well.Methods: A study was conducted on post partum lactating women over a period of 6 months at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. Post partum women were called for follow up in the post natal OPD and were counseled about temporary and permanent spacing methods.Results: Progesterone only pills are an acceptable and convenient means of temporary contraception / spacing during lactation period in motivated patients who do not want IUCDs or Injectables or are undecided about permanent methods of family planning.Conclusions: Low Dose progesterone only minipill is both effective and acceptable to breast feeding women. It may be used as a temporary spacing method in women who do not prefer an IUD but who are motivated to be complaint with its use

The association of thyroid disorders with abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is an abnormal bleeding from the uterus in absence of organic disease of genital tract and demonstrable extragenital cause. Thyroid dysfunction is marked by large number of menstrual aberrations. This study is aimed at detecting thyroid dysfunction in patients with provisional diagnosis of AUB and refers positive cases to physician for further evaluation.Methods: 100 cases of clinically diagnosed AUB were taken from Gynaecology OPD and inpatients of MGM hospital, Kalamboli. All patients from 19 to 45 age groups presenting as menorrhagia, acyclical metropathia, polymenorrhagia, metrorhhagia, oligomenorrhoea, polymenorrhoea and hypomenorrhoea were tested for their thyroid function by T3, T4, TSH estimations in their serum. Patients who had clinical signs and symptoms of thyroid disease, were on hormonal treatment, IUCD users, or had bleeding disorders were excluded from the study.Results: 30% of patients who were studied had thyroid dysfunction, of which 18% of patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, 9% of patients had hypothyroidism and only 3% of patients had hyperthyroidism. The commonest bleeding abnormalities in subclinical hypothyroid patients were polymenorrhaggia and menorrhaggia. Most of the hyperthyroid cases were oligomenorrhoeic.Conclusions: Both subclinical hypothyroid and profoundly hypothyroid cases together were the commonest thyroid dysfunction and menorrhagia was their commonest menstrual abnormality. So this study concludes that, biochemical evaluation of thyroid functioning should be made mandatory in all provisionally diagnosed cases of DUB to detect thyroid dysfunction.

Scar endometriosis: an uncommon surgical aftermath

Endometriosis is a benign condition wherein endometrial tissue lies outside the uterine cavity. Abdominal scar endometriosis is a rare entity following pelvic surgeries caused as a result of deposition of endometrial tissue at scar site. Patient usually presents with triad of presence of mass over scar site, cyclical pain during menses and bleeding. Histopathological examination remains gold standard for diagnosis in which the presence of endometrial glands, stroma and hemosiderin laden macrophages can be seen. We presented a case of 35 years old lady with history of caesarean section done 3 years back who came with complaints of swelling over the scar site and cyclical pain with tenderness present over lump. Ultrasonography revealed presence of firm mass which was removed by wide local excision and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of scar endometriosis