EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF SPENT CHILLI AND SPENT CUMIN OBTAINED AFTER OLEORESIN EXTRACTION

Objective: Chilli spent residue (CHSR) and Cumin spent residue (CSR) obtained after oleoresin extraction is known to be rich in polyphenols, however, the very limited commercial application is known except for its use as veterinary feeds. Considering that a huge residue is left over by oleoresin spice industry, application-oriented utilization of spent residue of chilli and cumin is warranted. In these lines, we in this study evaluate the antioxidant potential of Chilli spent residue (CHSR) and Cumin spent residue (CSR) obtained after oleoresin extraction by DPPH method.Methods: In vitro radical scavenging activity of CHSR and CSR obtained after oleoresin extraction was evaluated by checking its role in scavenging DPPH.Results: The spent chilli extract exhibited higher DPPH scavenging activity when compared to the spent cumin and the IC50 values of spent chilli; spent cumin and ascorbic acid were found to be 186.23±1.05 µg/ml, 284±1.03 µg/ml and 33.21±1.04, respectively. As CHSR and CSR obtained after oleoresin extraction is known to be rich in polyphenols, these might be responsible for potent and significant antioxidant activity observed.Conclusion: This study shows that by-products obtained/generated in oleoresin industry can be utilized as value added product. Future work will be interesting to know the chemical composition and better understand the mechanism of action of the antioxidants present in the extract for development as a drug for therapeutic application.Â

THE ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES EXTRACT OF CLERODENDRUM COLEBROOKIANUM WALP, (FAM: VERBENACEAE)

Objective: To investigate the in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Clerodendrum colebrookianum leaves extract.Methods: The leaves of C. colebrookianum were collected from various parts of Aizawl, Mizoram, India. Subsequently, the leaves were extracted with solvents (chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol) in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus for 24hr. Further, the extracts were extensively examined for its in-vitro antioxidant (DPPH) and antimicrobial activities. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard protocols.Results: The existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, diterpenes, saponins, glycosides, steroids and terpeinoids were revealed in the phytochemical screening. The aqueous and acetone extract had the highest total phenolic content (2.348 mg/ml), when compared to methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts, which was 0.549 mg/ml, 0.408 mg/ml and 0.407 mg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity was more significant for aqueous extract, when compared to other extracts. The antimicrobial activity was more significant for acetone extract showed significant zone of inhibition of 14±0.3, 13±0.3 and 15±0.2 for E. coli, S. marcescens and S. aureus, respectively.Conclusion: The high level of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of C. colebrookianum leaf extracts encourage its potential use for biomedical applications

Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of novel diazaspiro bicyclo hydantoin derivatives in human leukemia cells: A SAR study

To study the structure activity relationship (SAR) on the cytotoxic activity and probe the structural requirement for the potent antitumor activity, a series of novel diazaspiro bicyclo hydantoin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by H-1 NMR, LCMS and IR analyses. The antiproliferative effect of these compounds were determined against human leukemia, K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia) and CEM (T-cell leukemia) cells using trypan blue and MTT assay, and the SAR associated with the position of N-terminal substituents in diazaspiro bicyclo hydantoin have also been discussed. It has been observed that these compounds displayed strong, moderate and weak cytotoxic activities. Interestingly, compounds having electron withdrawing groups at third and fourth position of the phenyl ring displayed selectively cytotoxic activities to both the cell lines tested with IC50 value lower than 50 mu M. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of the compounds 7(a-o) bearing the substituents at N-3 position of diazaspiro bicyclo hydantoin increases in the order alkene > ester > ether and plays an important role in determining their antitumor activities. The position and number of substituents in benzyl group attached to N-8 of diazaspiro bicyclo hydantoin nucleus interacted selectively with specific targets leading to the difference of biochemical and pharmacological effects