THE EFFECT OF VISCOSITY AND SALIVA BUFFER IN DIABETES MELITUS PATIENTS ON THE DENTAL CARIES: PENGARUH VISKOSITAS DAN BUFFER SALIVA TERHADAP TERJADINYA KARIES GIGI PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS

Oral complications will occur in the form of dental caries when Diabetes Mellitus (DM)is not controlled. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of viscosity and salivary buffer on the severity of dental caries in DM patients. This research is an analytic survey with cross sectional approach involving 61 subjects (42 women and 19 men) who are patients with type II DM in Dr. PirngadiHospital Endocrine Clinic Medan. This research was conducted by carrying out an oral examination to calculate the DMF-T index and visual measurement of the saliva viscosity and salivary buffer by using a buffer test strip. The results obtained from this study showed that there are 77.0% DM patients who experienced dental caries and 23.0% DM patients who did not experience dental caries. Based on saliva viscosity, subjects had poor saliva viscosity (80.3%). This study also showed that salivary buffer in DM patients was low (67.2%). Data were analyzed by chi-square test showed significant results (p <0.05) with a significant value of p = 0,000. The significance value of the effect of salivary buffer on DM patients with the occurrence of dental caries is p = 0.02. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect between viscosity and salivary buffer with the occurrence of dental caries

Expansion Formulas for I-Function

The object of this paper is to establish derivatives involving I-function of two variables and employ it to obtain expansion formulas for the I-function of two variables involving Struve's function. Some interesting special cases are pointed out

On Some Two-Sample and K-Sample Rank Tests with Applications to Life Testing

1 online resource (PDF, 66 pages

BEBAN PAJAK TANGGUHAN, LEVERAGE, ASIMETRI INFORMASI TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of deferred tax expense, leverage, and information assimilation on earnings management.  This study uses secondary data with a population of companies registered in the Consumer Goods Industrial Sector Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period.  The method used to determine the sample using purposive sampling.  It consists of 18 manufacturing companies in the Consumer Goods industry with 90 samples.  The analytical method used is descriptive data analysis.  The results of hypothesis testing show that Deferred Tax Expenses have no effect on earnings management, Leverage has a positive effect on corporate earnings management and information assurance has no effect on corporate earningsmanagement

Application of the Continuous Variation Method to Systems Involving Stable Stepwise Complexes: Ni(II)-1,10-Phenanthroline & Cu(II)-Ethylenediamine Systems

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Влияние национального локдауна на эпидемиологию травм во время первой волны COVID-19 в Индии

Background. The pattern of hospital admissions and medical care changed during the COVID pandemic. The aim of the study to describe the nature of patients attending the orthopedic emergency department of a level 1 trauma center in terms of number and proportion based on demographic characteristics and the nature of the injury before the lockdown, during the lockdown, and during the unlocking period of the nationwide lockdown for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods. We conducted a longitudinal study from 01.01.2020 to 31.12.2020. Patients attending the orthopedic emergency were grouped based on cause, type, and site of injury. The median number observed each day with IQR. The distribution of the same was compared between the prelockdown with lockdown period and the lockdown period with a phased unlocking period. Results. A total of 10513 patients were included. There was a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of patients needing inpatient care between the prelockdown phase and lockdown phase (p = 0.008). However, this was not seen between lockdown and postlockdown periods (p = 0.47). The proportion of road traffic accidents dropped from 26% to 15% during this time (p0.001). The proportion of contusions was reduced and that of soft tissue injuries increased (p0.001). The proportion of lower limb injuries decreased from the prelockdown phase to the lockdown phase, and that of spinal injury patients increased (p = 0.007). The proportion of patients with contusions increased and soft tissue injuries decreased during this period (p0.001). Lower limb injuries and road traffic accidents increased, and spinal injuries were reduced (p0.001). Conclusion. The lockdown for controlling the spread of the pandemic affected the demographic and epidemiological aspects of injuries attending the orthopedic emergency department of a level 1 trauma center in a developing country. There was a decrease in the proportion of females and children attending the ED during the lockdown. The number of road traffic accedents s decreased during the lockdown. The number of patients with contusions attending the trauma center during the lockdown decreased, but there was an increase in the number of patients with spine injuries. We suggest that improvement in triage facilities, wider use of telemedicine, and increasing the stock of PPEs are essential for tackling such situations in the future.Введение. Во время пандемии COVID-19 изменилась структура госпитализаций и оказания медицинской помощи. Цель проанализировать эпидемиологию и тип травм, полученных пациентами, обратившимися в травмоцентр 1-го уровня во время пандемии и локдауна в Индии. Материал и методы. Мы провели лонгитюдное исследование с 01.01.2020 по 31.12.2020 Пациенты, обратившиеся за неотложной травматологической помощью, были сгруппированы в зависимости от причины, типа и места повреждения. Среднее число ежедненых обращений было расчитано с помощью IQR (интерквартильного размаха). Было проведено сравнение распределений среднего числа наблюдений между периодами до и во время локдауна, а также во время локдауна и после его снятия. Результаты. Всего в исследование было включено 10 513 пациентов. Наблюдалось статистически значимое снижение доли пациентов, нуждающихся в госпитализации, между периодами до и во время локдауна (p = 0,008). Однако этого не наблюдалось между периодами локдауна и постлокдауна (p = 0,47). Доля дорожно-транспортных происшествий снизилась с 26% до 15% между периодами до и во время локдауна (p0,001). Доля ушибов уменьшилась, а мягкотканных повреждений увеличилась (p0,001). Доля травм нижних конечностей уменьшилась между периодами до и во время локдауна, а доля травм позвоночника увеличилась (p = 0,007). Заключение. Национальный локдаун повлиял на демографические и эпидемиологические показатели травм в травмоцентре 1-го уровня в Индии. Наблюдалось снижение доли женщин и детей, обратившихся в отделение неотложной помощи. Количество ДТП сократилось во время локдауна. Количество пациентов с ушибами, обратившихся в травматологический центр во время локдауна уменьшилось, а количество пациентов с травмами позвоночника увеличилось. Мы рекомендуем улучшить медицинскую сортировку, расширить использование телемедицины и увеличить запасы средств индивидуальной защиты для борьбы с подобными ситуациями в будущем

Clinical Profile of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Study of 50 cases

INTRODUCTION: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in which the cells organs tissues undergo damage by tissue binding antibodies. Annual incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is 2.8 per 1,00,000 in United States and Europe. Estimates of total number with this disease ranges from 20 – 60 per 1,00,000. More than 80% are females. Male to Female ratio is equal in young and old. Highest incidence is between 20 – 50 years of age. The frequency of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus concordance in monozygotic twin is 25% and with 1-2% among dizygotic twins. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To analyse the clinical spectrum of manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients. 2. To analyse the initial presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). 3. To analyse cumulative presentation of SLE. 4. To study various system involvement. 5. To analyse the cause of death of SLE patients. 6. To correlate the clinical and laboratory investigations. 7. To compare my study with western data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study way conducted in 50 patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus who were attending Rheumatology Department, Medicine Department and Nephrology Department, Stanley Medical College Hospital during the period from June 2006 – July 2007. All the patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus who presented with varying signs and symptoms included in this study and were analysed clinically and laboratory wise. A detailed history was taken with particular emphasis on various organ system involvement. Symptoms included: Constitutional - Fever; Malaise; Fatigue; Weight loss. Musculoskeletal - Pain; Swelling of joints. Mucocutaneous - Rash; Photo sensitivity; Pruritus. Cardio vascular - Chest pain; dyspnea; palpitations; syncope. CNS – Seizures ; hallucinations ; Abnormal behavior ; symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Renal – Hematuria. GIT - Oral Ulcer; acute abdominal pain; abdominal Distension; foetal wastage. This was followed by detailed clinical examination. The following in general examination. • Photo sensitivity; Malar rash; Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE); Purpura; Urticaria; Erythema; Raynaud’s phenomina. • Arthritis; AVN; Osteoporosis. • Pericardial rub; Pleural Rub; Cardiac murmurs. • Anemia; Petechiae; Lymphadenopathy. An elaborate laboratory examination was done which include albumin deposits cellular carsts haemoglobin casts, tubular casts and urine 24 hrs urinary protein more than 500 mg/dl, Serum Creatinine VDRL CRP C3 C4 Antinuclear antibody. X ray chest, ECG, Echo, USG Abdomen, Renal biopsy and skin biopsy in selected patients. For microscopic examination of urine, a clean catch early morning 2nd voided midstream. Urine sample while patient was still fasting were collected and examined in 1 – 3 hrs to avoid lysis of cell and casts and to ensure a reasonably concentrated and acidic urine specimen larger than concentrated volume of urine of about 50 ml. Dysmorphic erythrocyte indicate injlamatory glomerular or tubule interstitial disease while monomorphic RBC’s indicate lower urinary tract bleeding. A telescopic urine sediment contains full range of cell and casts it indicates global nephron involvement. CONCLUSION: Mean Age of SLE is 31 years. • Highest Incidence is found in age group of 29-35 years of age. • The most common clinical presentation in our study is muskuloskeletal involvement seen in 90%. • Next most common presentation is skin lesions seen in 82%. • Neuropsychiatry manifestation seen in 54%. • Renal involvement is seen in 34%. • GIT involvement is seen in 48%. • Most common initial presentation in our study is musculoskeletal involvement similar to the western data. Incidence of renal lesion as initial presentation in western data is more compared to my study. • Normocytic nonmochromic anemias was the most common presentation leucopenia 10% ; thrombocytopenia 8% as far as haematological manfestation are concerned. • ANA was positive in all patients. • Anti ds DNA is seen in 48%. Anti ds DNA is seen in all patients with lupus nephrits compared to vascular lesions. • Renal biopsy revealed active renal disease and evidence of diffuse proliferate glomerulonephrtis seen in 7 patient. Patients with DPGN have nephritic range proteinuria hypertension ds DNA. Membranous nephropathy have nephrotic range proteinuria. • ESR raised in almost all patients with SLE. But significant increase is seen in vasculitis and active lesions. • Death is seen in 3 patients during the course of study. 2 of them died of lupus nephritis and 1 patient died of vascular cause

Improvement of the Adhoc Mobile Wireless Network with the Cisco Packet Tracer

The purpose of this research is not only to reduce the total cost but it also help us to increase the efficiency of the network. ADHOC is temporary network. Now a days ADHOC is most frequently used. In today scenario most of us having are smart devices which can make us easier to share a file or transfer a data through ADHOC because without ADHOC we can�t connect with each other without any physical medium like wire, cable etc. Which can make us more difficulties or time consuming. To enhance the performance of network we use cisco packet tracer software. The enhancement will be due to average cost, stability, power consumption. We can us NAT, Access list , DHCP protocols to design a network