Relativistic Solution for a Class of Static Compact Charged Star in Pseudo Spheroidal Space-Time

Considering Vaidya-Tikekar metric, we obtain a class of solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations for a charged static fluid sphere. The physical 3-space (t=constant) here is described by pseudo-spheroidal geometry. The relativistic solution for the theory is used to obtain models for charged compact objects, thereafter a qualitative analysis of the physical aspects of compact objects are studied. The dependence of some of the properties of a superdense star on the parameters of the three geometry is explored. We note that the spheroidicity parameter $a$, plays an important role for determining the properties of a compact object. A non-linear equation of state is required to describe a charged compact object with pseudo-spheroidal geometry which we have shown for known masses of compact objects. We also note that the size of a static compact charged star is more than that of a static compact star without charge.Comment: 24 pages, 18 figures, 8 table

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rice Straw to Fermentable Sugar: Kinetic Study

As the gradual up-growing trend of industrialization and urbanization leading steady increment of demand of energy; eco-friendly, bio degradable, cost competitive and promising source of energy with high sustainability is toughly needed for the new era of modern world. Hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulase enzymes is a vital candidate for this option. It is a solid-liquid heterogeneous reaction; strongly affected by the non-reaction resistances caused most notably by the crystalline structure; reaction environment parameters as temperature, pH, characteristics of enzyme, cell & substrate loading and hence must have to be defined for specific enzyme-substrate amalgamation. In this present investigation, glucose was produced from rice straw using cellulytic enzyme pseudomonas sp., isolated from municipal solid waste. Glucose yield was found to increase as the rice straw particle size decreased from 0.5 mm to 45 μm, while the optimal temperature and pH were found within the range of 30°C and 7.0 respectively. The concentration and rate of glucose production was observed to depend on pretreatment of rice straw, substrate concentration and enzyme loading. A kinetic model rate expression has been developed for such a process based on the Michaelis – Mentens and Line weaver–Burk approach. Comparison between the experimental data and those predicted from the rate model indicate good agreement with a mean absolute deviation of about 0.304916

Predictive model of nucleon-nucleus scattering cross sections

Nucleon total reaction and neutron total cross sections as well as differential (including spin) observables from 25 to 300 MeV for stable nuclei from 6Li to 238U have been predicted that are in good agreement with measured data. Those predictions have been made using non-local, energy dependent, and complex optical potentials in coordinate space formed by full folding of effective nucleon-nucleon interactions with realistic nuclear ground state densities. By inverse kinematics the same model prescription describes exotic (radioactive) nuclei scattering from hydrogen as a target and the results reveal the extended (neutron) distributions such nuclei can have

Nationwide prevalence of the new epidemic strain of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal in India

This article does not have an abstract

Cardiovascular risk reduction intervention among school-students in Kolkata, West Bengal – The CRRIS study protocol

Background: Increasing burden of cardiovascular risk-factors among adolescent school-children is a major concern in India. Dearth of information regarding the burden of these factors and the efficacy of educational intervention in minimizing them among urban school-students of India called for a school-based, educational intervention involving a representative sample of these students and their caregivers. Methodology: Using a randomized-controlled design with stratified-random sampling, 1000 students (approximately 50/school) of 9th grade from 20 randomly selected schools (representing all socio-economic classes and school-types) and their caregivers (preferably mothers) will be recruited. Objectives of the study will include: estimation of the baseline burden and post-interventional change in cardiovascular risk-factors, related knowledge, perception and practice among participants in Kolkata. Data collection: After obtaining appropriate consent (assent for adolescents), collection of the questionnaire-based data (regarding cardiovascular disease/risk-factor related knowledge, perception, practice), anthropometric measurements, stress assessment and cardiological check-up (pulse and blood pressure measurement along with auscultation for any abnormal heart sounds) will be conducted for each participating students twice at an interval of six months. In between 6 educational sessions will be administered in 10 of the 20 schools randomized to the intervention arm. After the follow-up data collection, same sessions will be conducted in the non-interventional schools. Data analyses and deliverable: Descriptive and inferential analyses (using SAS 9.3) will be conducted to determine the distribution of the risk-factors and efficacy of the intervention in minimizing them so that policy-making can be guided appropriately to keep the adolescents healthy in their future life

Exercise and eating habits among urban adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Kolkata, India

Abstract Background Unhealthy eating and lack of exercise during adolescence culminated into earlier onset and increasing burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide. Among urban Indian adolescents, prevalence of these risk factors of CVD seemed to be high, but data regarding their pattern and predictors was limited. To address this dearth of information, a survey was conducted among urban adolescent school-students in Kolkata, a highly populated metro city in eastern India. Methods During January–June, 2014, 1755 students of 9th-grade were recruited through cluster (schools) random sampling. Informed consents from parents and assents from adolescents were collected. Information on socio-demographics, CVD-related knowledge and perception along with eating and exercise patterns were collected with an internally validated structured questionnaire. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed in SAS-9.3.2. Results Among 1652 participants (response rate = 94.1%), about 44% had poor overall knowledge about CVD, 24% perceived themselves as overweight and 60% considered their general health as good. Only 18% perceived their future CVD-risk and 29% were engaged in regular moderate-to-vigorous exercise. While 55% skipped meals regularly, 90% frequently consumed street-foods and 54% demonstrated overall poor eating habits. Males were more likely to engage in moderate-to-vigorous exercise [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.40(95% confidence interval = 2.55–4.54)] while students of higher SES were less likely [AOR = 0.59(0.37–0.94)]. Males and those having good CVD-related knowledge were more likely to exercise at least 1 h/day [AOR = 7.77(4.61–13.07) and 2.90(1.46–5.78) respectively]. Those who perceived their future CVD-risk, skipped meals more [2.04(1.28–3.25)] while Males skipped them less [AOR = 0.62(0.42–0.93)]. Subjects from middle class ate street-foods less frequently [AOR = 0.45(0.24–0.85)]. Relatively older students and those belonging to higher SES were less likely to demonstrate good eating habits [AOR = 0.70(0.56–0.89) and 0.23(0.11–0.47) respectively]. A large knowledge-practice gap was evident as students with good CVD-related knowledge were less likely to have good eating habits [AOR = 0.55(0.32–0.94)]. Conclusions CVD-related knowledge as well as eating and exercise habits were quite poor among adolescent school-students of Kolkata. Additionally, there was a large knowledge-practice gap. Multi-component educational interventions targeting behavioral betterment seemed necessary for these adolescents to improve their CVD-related knowledge, along with appropriate translation of knowledge into exercise and eating practices to minimize future risk of CVDs