La valoración de los maestros sobre la utilización didáctica de las ideas de los alumnos

One of the indicators of quality in science education is the teaching that makes use of the students' ideas. Both the primary curriculum as in the Master's Degree refers to it. However, existing teachers and training do you give so much importance? Do you use a lot of that ability in practice? Are they considered adequately trained to exercise it? What do they mean for a teacher the students' ideas? These questions are addressed using data from questionnaires and interviews with different samples of teachers in training and active. The results indicate that teachers do not give special importance to this capability, using the ideas of students just starting the topic, not considered highly trained to use it and report a wide range of meanings: the ideas are opinions, experiences, errors, level of knowledge or even a form of motivation and participation. All this is far removed from the approach to the Science Education considers students' ideas. Finally, we discuss the implications that are given for the initial training of teachers.Uno de los indicadores de calidad en la enseñanza de las ciencias es la utilización didáctica que se hace de las ideas de los alumnos. Tanto en el currículo de Primaria como en el del Grado de Maestro se hace referencia a ello. Ahora bien, los maestros en activo y en formación ¿le dan tanta importancia? ¿utilizan mucho esa capacidad en su práctica habitual? ¿se consideran adecuadamente formados para ejercitarla? ¿qué significan para un maestro las ideas de los alumnos? Se abordan estas cuestiones a partir de los datos de cuestionarios y entrevistas con diferentes muestras de maestros, en formación y en activo. Los resultados indican que los maestros no otorgan a una especial importancia a esta capacidad, utilizan las ideas de los alumnos solo al iniciar el tema, no se consideran muy formados para ello y declaran una gran diversidad de significados: las ideas son opiniones, experiencias, errores, nivel de conocimientos o incluso una forma de motivación y participación. Todo ello está muy alejado de los planteamientos con los que la Didáctica de las Ciencias considera las ideas de los alumnos. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones que resultan para la formación inicial de maestros

Coastal vulnerability in the Mediterranean sector between Fnideq and M'diq (North of Morocco)

This study assessed coastal vulnerability to erosion processes along a 24-km-long littoral with different levels of human occupation. An aerial photogram-metric flight and a Quickbird satellite image were used for mapping land uses and reconstructing coastal evolution from 1986 to 2003. Maximum erosion (-2.48 myr-1) was recorded south of Marina Kabila port and maximum accretion (+2.25 myr-1) south of Marina Smir port. Erosion/accretion rates have been divided into five categories and land uses have been mapped and divided into three categories. Coastal vulnerability has been assessed by combining coastal trend with land-use categories: 10% of the littoral recorded >very high> vulner-ability, 29% recorded >high> vulnerability, and 61% of the investigated littoral presented >null> and >low> vulnerability. The >Imminent Collapse Zone>, i.e. the littoral zone threatened by imminent erosion, presented mean values of 10.34 m, with maximum and minimum values of 15.3 and 7.6 m, respectively. Several human structures and activities are located within the imminent collapse zone and consequently will be threatened by severe erosion in near future.This work is a contribution to the Morocco PROTARS III D16/07 Research Project, the French-Moroccan MA/06/159 Volubilis Program and the Andalusia research Group RNM-328.Peer Reviewe

Diseño y desarrollo de un sistema de información para el seguimiento de la cooperación universidad-empresa: SISCUE

SISCUE Es un sistema de información sobre la investigación de la UPM, realizado a partir de la necesidad de análisis sobre la cooperación universidad empresa. Consta de tres grandes bloques, una base de datos relacional (MySQL) con toda la información relativa a proyectos, investigadores, grupos de investigación y organismos, otro bloque de servicios en JAVA para explotar la base de datos, y por último, un interfaz web como acceso a dichos servicios por parte del usuario. Entre los diferentes servicios que ofrece la aplicación explotados por el interfaz web, tenemos navegación y administración de los datos, exportación de datos a formatos típicos como PDF o EXCEL, y generación de gráficas con un servlet

El delito de corrupción entre particulares del artículo 286 bis del Código Penal

En 1939, SUTHERLAND acuñó la conocida categoría de white collar crime. En esa categoría incluyó el delito denominado commercial bribery. Esta expresión es utilizada en EE. UU. para referirse al delito que conocemos como «corrupción entre particulares» o «corrupción privada». Esta forma de corrupción sucede en el ámbito de las organizaciones comerciales o mercantiles y se trasluce en transacciones comerciales en las que una empresa realiza pagos (normalmente en secreto) a un directivo, agente o empleado de otra empresa para beneficio personal del mismo y éste, a su vez, dirige los negocios en favor de la compañía que realiza el pago indebido con exclusión de otras entidades. Generalmente, ello concluye con la obtención de un contrato comercial por parte de la entidad que hace el pago al directivo, agente o empleado. La corrupción, en su concepción tradicional, se identifica con las acciones de los funcionarios públicos, que se valen indebidamente de tal condición para obtener un beneficio material, para sí o para un tercero. Esta concepción, propia de los Códigos penales del siglo XIX, ha sido superada por otras manifestaciones del fenómeno, por lo que el concepto de corrupción se amplía para incluir toda actuación de una persona, dotada de poderes de decisión, que es contraria a las normas que rigen su actividad, con el objetivo de lograr una ganancia ilícita. Todos estos elementos permiten afirmar que los delitos de corrupción han superado su tradicional naturaleza de delitos contra la Administración (basados en el quebrantamiento de deberes por los empleados públicos) para ser conceptuados como delitos de esencia y contenido económico. El punto de inflexión en esta modificación de la perspectiva lo marca la Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) de 1977. Este cambio de concepción -de delito referido a funcionarios a delito que protege bienes de naturaleza económica- es fundamental para justificar el castigo penal de la corrupción privada. Son los efectos económicos de esta forma de corrupción los que permiten acudir al Derecho Penal. Ahora bien, la conclusión de que estas actuaciones merecen un reproche penal ha recibido críticas importantes, basadas en la idea de que se trata de una «forma de hacer negocios», que, a lo sumo, deben ser entendidas como comportamientos poco éticos, pero tolerables porque se realizan para conseguir oportunidades de negocio entre personas privadas; o en la idea de que si se castiga este tipo de corrupción se equipararía indebidamente la corrupción pública con la privada..

Modelo de reflexión psicoanalítica para la empresa innovadora: el malestar en las organizaciones y la ilusión de la innovación

El objetivo general de esta tesis es investigar la determinación del Inconsciente en los fenómenos, grupales y de masas, que se producen en la empresa innovadora, así como la existencia, en la misma, de fenómenos de repetición de origen pulsional. Con los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación teórica se pretende abrir un espacio de reflexión sobre las relaciones que el Inconsciente y la pulsión puedan tener con el malestar de base no consciente que se da en la empresa y con los procesos de innovacióny creación que, eventualmente, pudiese conducir a una intervención desde el psicoanálisis, que sea propia y específica de esta disciplina, en la empresa innovadora. Para alcanzar este objetivo general se proponen los siguientes objetivos parciales: 1. Determinar si existe una potencial demanda en la empresa innovadora 2. Establecer si el psicoanálisis y la ciencia pueden alcanzar cierto entendimiento 3. Establecida una base teóricapara pensar la relación de los fenómenos inconscientes y pulsionales, con el malestar y la innovación en la empresa que esté tutelada por las enseñanzas psicoanalíticas, desarrolladas, principalmente, para la intervención individual, al tiempo que se tienen en cuenta las variaciones derivadas de su dimensión social. 4. Reflexionar sobre el diseño de un dispositivo de intervenciónarticulado con el dispositivo teórico que permita alegorizar como sería la intervenciónen la empresa innovador

In Situ Generation of ArCu from CuF2 Makes Coupling of Bulky Aryl Silanes Feasible and Highly Efficient

Producción CientíficaA bimetallic system Pd/CuF2, catalytic in Pd and stoichiometric in Cu, is very efficient and selective for the coupling of fairly hindered aryl silanes with aryl, anisyl, phenylaldehide, or pyridyl iodides of conventional size. The reaction involves the activation of the silane by CuII followed by disproportionation and transmetalation from the CuI(aryl) to PdII, on which coupling takes place. The CuIII formed in the disproportionation is reduced to CuI(aryl) by the aryl silane in excess, so that the CuF2 used is fully converted into CuI(aryl) and used in the coupling. Moreover, no extra source of fluoride is needed. Interesting size selectivity towards coupling is found in competitive reactions of hindered aryl silanes. Easily accessible [PdCl2(IDM)(AsPh3)] is by far the best catalyst, and the isolated products are esentially free of As or Pd (< 1 ppm). The mechanistic aspects of the process are experimentally examined and discussed.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (CTQ2013-48406-P)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA256U13

Techno-economic assessment of long-term methanol production from natural gas and renewables

Growing climate change concerns are driving interest in alternative energy carriers to fossil fuels. Methanol (MeOH) is a promising candidate to alleviate the challenges faced by hydrogen regarding transportation and storage, with a developed pre-existing infrastructure and a well-known and scalable synthesis process. This study presents a techno-economic assessment of the different avenues for producing MeOH from 1) natural gas and 2) renewable energy with direct air capture (DAC), for effective CO2 removal from the atmosphere. Under European natural gas prices (6.5 €/GJ), state-of-the-art MeOH production from natural gas reach levelized costs as low as 268.5 €/ton, while an advanced plant using gas switching reforming attains a cost of 252.2 €/ton and approximately 60% lower CO2 emissions. Middle Eastern costs can drop as low as 135.2 €/ton thanks to low natural gas costs (2 €/GJ). In comparison, renewable MeOH with DAC reach 471.6–784.9 €/ton using technology assumptions representative of the year 2050, with Saudi Arabia achieving the lowest cost thanks to its outstanding solar resource. Overall, renewable MeOH with DAC required CO2 prices of 121.4–146.7 €/ton to break even with renewable plants using pipeline CO2, while CO2 prices in the range of 300 €/ton are required for competitiveness against natural gas routes. Furthermore, a consistent comparison to NH3 as a carbon-free energy carrier showed that blue and green NH3 require CO2 taxes of 49.8 and 274.3 €/ton to break even with natural gas-based MeOH, respectively. However, NH3 is 14% cheaper than MeOH for renewable pathways, as it avoids the need for DAC. Thus, strong policy support will be required to deploy green MeOH at scale, even in the long-term future.publishedVersio

Ammonia from solid fuels: A cost-effective route to energy security with negative CO2 emissions

This study investigates a potential solution to the global challenge of secure, affordable, and low-carbon energy supply: ammonia production from local coal and biomass resources with CO2 capture for negative emissions. Two innovative configurations; an E-gas gasifier with membrane-assisted water-gas shift and an air-blown MHI gasifier design, are compared with an oxygen-blown GE gasifier benchmark. Under the baseline cost assumptions of 2.5 €/GJ for coal, 6.1 €/GJ for biomass, and a CO2 tax of 100 €/ton, the GE configuration reached a levelized cost of ammonia (LCOA) of 391.5 €/ton, while the E-gas and MHI concepts showed 59.0 (−15.1%) and 18.6 (4.8%) €/ton lower and higher costs, respectively. Subsequent benchmarking against alternative ammonia supply pathways showed that the energy security offered by the E-gas configuration comes at a premium of around 40% over ammonia imported at cost from natural gas exporting regions, which will be cheaper than liquified natural gas if the CO2 price exceeds 60.9 €/ton. Since prices of imported energy are generally well above the cost of production, the carbon-negative energy security offered by the proposed plants can be economically attractive to importers with rising CO2 taxes. Thus, policy support for establishing local ammonia value chains can be recommended.publishedVersio

System-friendly process design: Optimizing blue hydrogen production for future energy systems

While the effects of ongoing cost reductions in renewables, batteries, and electrolyzers on future energy systems have been extensively investigated, the effects of significant advances in CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies have received much less attention. This research gap is addressed via a long-term (2050) energy system model loosely based on Germany, yielding four main findings. First, CCS-enabled pathways offer the greatest benefits in the hydrogen sector, where hydrogen prices can be reduced by two-thirds relative to a scenario without CCS. Second, advanced blue hydrogen technologies can reduce total system costs by 12% and enable negative CO2 emissions due to higher efficiencies and CO2 capture ratios. Third, co-gasification of coal and biomass emerged as an important enabler of these promising results, allowing efficient exploitation of limited biomass resources to achieve negative emissions and limit the dependence on imported natural gas. Finally, CCS decarbonization pathways can practically and economically incorporate substantial shares of renewable energy to reduce fossil fuel dependence. Such diversification of primary energy inputs increases system resilience to the broad range of socio-techno-economic challenges facing the energy transition. In conclusion, balanced blue-green pathways offer many benefits and deserve serious consideration in the global decarbonization effort.publishedVersio

Techno-economic assessment of integrated NH3-power co-production with CCS and energy storage in an LNG regasification terminal

Energy efficiency and carbon capture and storage (CCS) are two key levers to attain global warming targets. Integration of various industrial and energy processes as well as complementary use of fuels with low carbon intensity such as natural gas with renewable sources will enable to mitigate environmental impacts in a cost competitive manner. This study proposes one such opportunity through integration of LNG cold exergy utilization for liquid N2 energy storage during regasification coupled to a novel NH3-electricity co-production scheme with CCS. A techno-economic benchmarking between standalone NH3 production process with net electricity imports (Case A), an integrated co-production solution (Case B) and non-integrated co-production plant with a standard combined cycle for power generation (Case C) is performed. Base economic assumptions are a natural gas price of 6.5 €/ton, CO2 tax of 100 €/ton, NH3 selling price of 400 €/ton and electricity average price of 80 €/MWh. At varying power generation capacity factors CFEl ranging from 30 to 50%, the electricity price premium required by the co-production schemes to break even with Case A is 2.5–9.9 €/MWh lower for Case B compared to Case C, with a premium as low as 12.9 €/MWh at 50% CFEl for the former when 2 days' worth of energy storage capacity is constructed. Thus, integration improves economic competitiveness for short storage times, applicable to regions with reliable year-round solar resources. However, the competitive advantage disappears when storage periods longer than one week are considered, such as power systems with high wind shares or seasonal solar availability.publishedVersio