Seed controlled deterioration of three interspecific elephant grass x pearl millet hybrids

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)In order to allow using seeds from three interspecific elephant grass x pearl millet hybrids (Original, Cutting and Grazing-types) to set pasture fields, it became necessary to analyze their performances in relation to storage conditions and controlled deterioration. Five moisture content levels and three storage temperatures (40, 50 and 65 degrees C) have been tested for each hybrid. Seed sub samples for each moisture content and storage temperature combination were sealed in laminated aluminum foil packages and stored at those temperatures until complete survival curves have been obtained. The recurrent selection increased seed initial quality (Ki) for grazing-type population (lower and more tillered plants); however inverse results were observed for cutting-type population (higher and less tillered plants). Viability equation constants estimated for Cutting-type, Original and Grazing-type hybrids are: K(E) = 8.417, 7.735 and 8.285; C(w) = 5.037, 4.658 and 4.522; C(H) = 0.02309, 0.01969 and 0.03655; C(Q) = 0.000436; 0.000403 and 0.000300, respectively. The viability equation constants for the hybrids are K(E) = 8.033; C(w) = 4.662; C(H) = 0.02544; C(Q) = 0.000386. Through the equations, it is feasible to estimate the germination percentage of a seed lot after different storage conditions.383428434Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Seed Controlled Deterioration Of Three Interspecific Elephant Grass × Pearl Millet Hybrids [deterioração Controlada De Sementes De Três Híbridos Interespecíficos De Capim-elefante × Milheto]

In order to allow using seeds from three interspecific elephant grass × pearl millet hybrids (Original, Cutting and Grazing-types) to set pasture fields, it became necessary to analyze their performances in relation to storage conditions and controlled deterioration. Five moisture content levels and three storage temperatures (40, 50 and 65°C) have been tested for each hybrid. Seed sub samples for each moisture content and storage temperature combination were sealed in laminated aluminum foil packages and stored at those temperatures until complete survival curves have been obtained. The recurrent selection increased seed initial quality (Ki) for grazing-type population (lower and more tillered plants); however inverse results were observed for cutting-type population (higher and less tillered plants). Viability equation constants estimated for Cutting-type, Original and Grazing-type hybrids are: KE = 8.417, 7.735 and 8.285; Cw = 5.037, 4.658 and 4.522; CH = 0.02309, 0.01969 and 0.03655; CQ = 0.000436; 0.000403 and 0.000300, respectively. The viability equation constants for the hybrids are KE = 8.033; Cw = 4.662; CH = 0.02544; CQ = 0.000386. Through the equations, it is feasible to estimate the germination percentage of a seed lot after different storage conditions. © 2009 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia.383428434Ellis, R.H., Kraak, H.L., Temperature and seed storage longevity (1990) Annals of Botany, 65, pp. 197-204Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D., Quantitative response of the longevity of seed of twelve crops to temperature and moisture in hermetic storage (2007) Seed Science and Technology, 35 (2), pp. 432-444Ellis, R.H., Roberts, E.H., Improved equations for the prediction of seed longevity (1980) Annals of Botany, 45, pp. 13-30Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D., Roberts, E.H., A low moisture content limit to logarithmic relations between seed moisture content and longevity (1988) Annals of Botany, 61, pp. 405-408Fantinatti, J.B., Usberti, R., Seed viability constants for Eucalyptus grandis (2007) Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Research, 42 (1), pp. 111-117Harrington, J.F., Seed storage longevity (1972) Seed biology, 3, pp. 145-245. , Kozlowski, T.T. (Ed.). New York: Academic PressHay, F.R., Mead, A., Manger, K., One-step analysis of seed storage data and the longevity of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds (2003) Journal of Experimental Botany, 54, pp. 993-1011(2006) International rules for seed testing, p. 462. , International Seed Testing Association - ISTA. ZurichPereira, A.V., Valle, C.B., Ferreira, R.P., Melhoramento de forrageiras tropicais (2001) Recursos genéticos e melhoramento de plantas. (Genetic resources and plant improvement), p. 1183. , Nass, L.L.Valois, A.C.C.Melo, I.S. (Eds.) Rondonópolis: Fundação Mato GrossoReis, M.C., Souza Sobrinho, F., Ramalho, M.A.P., Allohexaploid pearl millet x elephantgrass population potential for a recurrent selection program (2008) Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Research, 43 (2), pp. 195-199Schank, S.C., Diz, D.A., Hoghe, P.J., Evaluation of pearl millet x elephantgrass hybrids for use as high quality forage for livestock (1996) Soil and Crop Society of Florida Proceedings, 55, pp. 120-121Souza Sobrinho, F., Pereira, A.V., Ledo, F.J.S., Agronomic evaluation of interespecific hybrids of elephant grass and pearlmillet (2005) Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Research, 40 (9), pp. 873-880Usberti, R., Performance of tropical forage grass (Brachiaria brizantha) dormant seeds under controlled storage (2006) Seed Science and Technology, 35 (2), pp. 402-413Usberti, R., Usberti JR, J.A., Aguiar, R.H., Effects of a recurrent selection scheme, applied to an interspecific hybrid Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (elephantgrass) x Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (pearl millet), on several seed quality parameters (2005) International Grassland Congress, p. 62. , 20., 2005, Dublin, Ireland. Proceedings... DublinUsberti JR, J.A., Usberti, R., Alcantara, P.B., Yield and quality parameters of an interspecific hybrid Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (elephantgrass) x Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (pearl millet) (2005) International Grassland Congress, p. 96. , 20., 2005, Dublin, Ireland. Proceedings... Dubli

Fluid Dynamic And Polymeric Coating Of Forest Seeds Of Senna Macranthera (collad.) Irwin Et Barn In Conical Spouted Bed

Senna macranthera (Collad.) Irwin et Barn trees have been used in urban forestry because of their small size and beauty and in reforestation, due to their rapid development. Aiming to preserve the seeds of S. macranthera, a polymeric film coating of the seeds is proposed in this work. To analyze the coating process a fluid dynamic study of the particles in a conical spouted bed was performed before the seeds covering in the same equipment. Fluid dynamic was analyzed with loads of 150, 250, 450, 750 and 1000 grams and, through the analysis of bed pressure drop versus gas flow curves, were obtained the parameters of maximum pressure drop, stable spout pressure drop and minimum spouting velocity. It was verified that for loads of 250 and 450 grams, the seeds showed a wide range of stable spouting regime with good circulation of particles resulting in good fluid-solid contact. As a result of the fluid dynamic analysis, the load of 450 grams was chosen to perform the coating process. Operating conditions were determined to obtain an adequate coverage for the seeds: atomization pressure of 115 kPa, flow rate of the coating suspension of 2ml/min and air inlet temperature of 70 °C. For these conditions, the efficiency of the process was 63 % and the average growth of seeds was 24.8%. © 2011.24667672Carvalho, N.M., Nakagawa, J., (2000) Seeds, Science, Technology and Production,Funep, , 4th Ed., Jaboticabal, Brazil (in Portuguese)Floriano, E.P., (2004) Germination and Dormancy of Seeds Forest, , Anorgs, 1st Ed., SantaRosa, Brazil (in Portuguese)Geldart, D., Types of gas fluidization (1973) Powder Technology, 7, pp. 285-292Mathur, K.B., Gishler, P.E.A., Technique for contacting gases with coarse solid particles (1965) Aiche Journal, 1, pp. 157-157Lorenzi, H., (1998) Brazilian Trees: Manual Identification and Cultivation of Native Tree of Brazil, , Plantarum, 2nd Ed., Nova Odessa, Brazil (in Portuguese)Mathur, K.B., Epstein, N., (1974) Spouted Beds, , Academic Press, LondonOliveira, J.A., Pereira, C.E., Guimaraes, R.M., Vieira, A.R., Silva, J.B.C., Performance of green pepper seeds covered with different materials (2003) Brazilian Journal of Seeds, 25, pp. 36-47Pallai, I., Nemeth, J., Analysis of flow forms in a spouted bed apparatus by the so-called phase diagram (1969) International Congress Chemical Engineer, , Prague, Czechoslovak Society for Industrial ChemistrySan Jose, M.J., Alvarez, S., Morales, A., López, L.B., Salazar, A.O., Diluted spouted bed at high temperature for the treatment of sludge wastes (2010) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 19, pp. 137-142San Jose, M.J., Alvarez, S., Morales, A., López, L.B., Salazar, A.O., Expansion of uniform beds of wastes in clean technology of conical spouted beds with a draft tube (2010) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 20, pp. 303-308Santos, P.E.C., Silva, J.B.C., Nascimento, W.M., Evaluation of materials for pelletization of lettuce seeds (2000) Brazilian Horticulture, 18, pp. 1036-1037. , PortugueseSantarém, E.R., Aquila, M.E.A., Influence of the methods for surpassing dormancy and storage on the germination of seed of Senna macranthera (Colladon Irwin ampBarneby (leguminosae) (1995) Brazilian Journal of Seeds, 17, pp. 205-209. , (in Portuguese)Silva, J.B.C., Nakagawa, J., (1998) Production and Testing of Lettuce Seed PelletsBrazilian Horticulture, 16, pp. 151-158. , Portugues

Physical Characterization And Germination Of Senna Macranthera Seeds [caracterização Física E Germinação De Sementes De Senna Macranthera]

Poor knowledge of the physical traits of forest species seeds causes difficulties in developing methodologies for their assessment and preservation. Senna macranthera (Collad.) Irwin et Barn. is a leguminous pioneer plant that belongs to the Caesalpinioideae. It is popularly known as "fedegoso" and its seeds have tegumentary dormancy. In this study, physical characterization of fedegoso seeds was obtained by evaluating the Sauter mean diameter, sphericity, densities (real, apparent and bulk), porosity, dynamic angle of repose and weight of 1000 seeds: 3.3 mm; 0.52; 1397.2 kg.m -3; 1371.9 kg.m -3; 884.4 kg.m -3; 1.81%; 10 o and 41.05 g, respectively. S. macranthera seeds were packed in plastic bags and stored in a conventional refrigerator at 5 oC for 280 days and analyzed periodically for germination and moisture content. The seeds were chemically scarified by immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid for 20 minutes to break dormancy. The germination tests showed that seeds remained viable during storage.334777784(2009) Regras para análise de sementes, p. 395. , http://www.bs.cca.ufsc.br/publicacoes/regras%20analise%20sementes.pdf, BRASIL. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária. Brasília, DF: Mapa/ACSCarvalho, N.M., Nakagawa, J., (2000) Sementes: Ciência, tecnologia e produção, p. 588. , 4. ed. Jaboticabal: FUNEPCassaro-Silva, M., Efeito da temperatura na germinação de sementes de manduirana (Senna macranthera (Collad.) Irwin et Barn.-CAESALPINIACEAE) (2001) Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 23 (1), pp. 92-99. , http://www.abrates.org.br/revista/artigos/2001/v23n1/artigo13.pdfDavide, A.C., Faria, J.M.R., Botelho, S.A., (1995) Propagação de espécies florestais, p. 41. , Belo Horizonte: CEMIGLavras: UFLADonida, M.W., Rocha, S.C.S., Bartholomeu, F., Influence of Polymeric Suspension Characteristics on the Particle Coating in a Spouted Bed (2005) Drying Technology, 23 (9), pp. 1811-1823. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930500209905Eschiapati-Ferreira, M.S., Perez, S.C.J.G.A., Tratamentos para superar a dormência de sementes de Senna macranthera (collad.) Irwin Et. Barn. (Fabaceae-Caesalpinoideae) (1997) Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 19 (2), pp. 230-236. , http://www.abrates.org.br/revista/artigos/1997/v19n2/artigo15.pdfFerreira, R.A., Davide, A.C., Motta, M.S., Vigor e viabilidade de sementes de Senna multijuga (Rich.) Irwin et Barn. e Senna macranthera (Collad.) Irwin et Barn., num banco de sementes em solo de viveiro (2004) Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 26 (1), pp. 24-31. , http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-31222004000100004&lng=en&nrm=isoJong, J.A.H., Hoffmann, A.C., Finkers, H.J., Properly determine powder flowability to maximize plant output (1999) Chemical Engineering Progress, 95 (4), pp. 25-34. , http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5350/is_199904/ai_n21442372/?tag=content;col1Labouriau, L.G., (1983) A germinação das sementes, p. 174. , OEA. WashingtonMedeiros, M.F.D., Alsina, O.L.S., Rocha, S.C., Jerônimo, C.E.M., Mata, A.L.M.L., Medeiros, U.K.L., Furtunato, A.A., Escoabilidade de leitos de partículas inertes com polpa de frutas tropicais. Efeitos na secagem em leito de jorro (2001) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 5 (3), pp. 475-480. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbeaa/v5n3/v5n3a18.pdfPereira, V.R., Costa, S.S., Rocha, S.C.S., Análise do crescimento da celulose microcristalina granulada em leito vibrofluidizado (2009) Congresso Brasileiro De Engenharia Química em Iniciaçãocientífica, 8., 2009, , http://www.cobeqic2009.feq.ufu.br/uploads/media/101617401.pdf, Uberlândia/MG, Anais... Campus de Santa Mônica: UFURebouças, E.R., Gentil, D.F.O., Ferreira, S.A.N., Caracterização física de frutos e sementes de goiaba da Costa-Rica, produzidos em Manaus, Amazonas (2008) Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 30 (2), pp. 546-548. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbf/v30n2/a48v30n2.pdfSantarém, E.R., Aquila, M.E.A., Influência de métodos de superação de dormência e do armazenamento na germinação de sementes de Senna macranthera (colladon) Irwin & Barney (leguminosae) (1995) Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 17 (2), pp. 205-209. , http://www.abrates.org.br/revista/artigos/1995/v17n2/artigo14.pdfSilva, L.M.M., Aguiar, I.B., Morais, D.L., Viégas, R.A., Estresse hídrico e condicionamento osmótico na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de faveleira Cnidoscolus juercifolius (2005) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 9 (1), pp. 66-72. , http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662005000100010&lng=pt&nrm=isoTakeuchi, K.P., Sabadini, E., Cunha, R.L., Análise das propriedades mecânicas de cereais matinais com diferentes fontes de amido durante o processo de absorção de leite (2005) Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 25 (1), pp. 78-85. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/cta/v25n1/a12v25n1.pdfWouters, I.M.F., Geldart, D., Characterising semi-cohesive powders using angle of repose (1996) Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 13 (4), pp. 254-259. , http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppsc.19960130408/abstra