14,626 research outputs found
and decays in the perturbative QCD approach
In this work, we study six tree-dominated and
decays in the perturbative QCD(pQCD) approach, where
() is a () axial-vector meson. Based on the
perturbative calculations and phenomenological analysis, we find that: (a) the
CP-averaged branching ratio of decay in the pQCD approach
is , which agrees well with the current data and the
predictions given in the QCD factorization approach within errors; (b) the
numerical results for the decay rates of other five channels are found to be in
the order of , which could be accessed at B factories and
Large Hadron Collider(LHC) experiments; (c) other physical observables such as
polarization fractions and direct CP-violating asymmetries are also
investigated with the pQCD approach in the present work and the predictions can
be confronted with the relevant experiments in the near future; (d) the
different phenomenologies shown between and
decays are expected to be tested by the ongoing LHC and forthcoming Super-B
experiments, which could shed light on the typical QCD dynamics involved in
these decay modes, as well as in meson and meson .Comment: 1 figure, 27 pages, references added, improved version. Accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev.
Time-varying Huygens' meta-devices for parametric waves
Huygens' metasurfaces have demonstrated almost arbitrary control over the
shape of a scattered beam, however, its spatial profile is typically fixed at
fabrication time. Dynamic reconfiguration of this beam profile with tunable
elements remains challenging, due to the need to maintain the Huygens'
condition across the tuning range. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate
that a time-varying metadevice which performs frequency conversion can steer
transmitted or reflected beams in an almost arbitrary manner, with fully
dynamic control. Our time-varying Huygens' metadevice is made of both electric
and magnetic meta-atoms with independently controlled modulation, and the phase
of this modulation is imprinted on the scattered parametric waves, controlling
their shapes and directions. We develop a theory which shows how the scattering
directionality, phase and conversion efficiency of sidebands can be manipulated
almost arbitrarily. We demonstrate novel effects including all-angle beam
steering and frequency-multiplexed functionalities at microwave frequencies
around 4 GHz, using varactor diodes as tunable elements. We believe that the
concept can be extended to other frequency bands, enabling metasurfaces with
arbitrary phase pattern that can be dynamically tuned over the complete 2\pi
range
Rotational tuning of interaction in metamaterials
We experimentally observe the tuning of metamaterials through the relative
rotation of the elements about their common axis. In contrast to previous
results we observe a crossing of resonances, where the symmetric and
anti-symmetric modes become degenerate. We associate this effect with an
interplay between the magnetic and electric near-field interactions and verify
this by calculations based on the interaction energy between resonators
Multistability in nonlinear left-handed transmission lines
Employing a nonlinear left-handed transmission line as a model system, we
demonstrate experimentally the multi-stability phenomena predicted
theoretically for microstructured left-handed metamaterials with a nonlinear
response. We show that the bistability is associated with the period doubling
which at higher power may result in chaotic dynamics of the transmission line
Tunable fishnet metamaterials infiltrated by liquid crystals
We analyze numerically the optical response and effective macroscopic
parameters of fishnet metamaterials infiltrated with a nematic liquid crystal.
We show that even a small amount of liquid crystal can provide tuning of the
structures due to reorientation of the liquid crystal director. This enables
switchable optical metamaterials, where the refractive index can be switched
from positive to negative by an external field. This tuning is primarily
determined by the shift of the cut-off wavelength of the holes, with only a
small influence due to the change in plasmon dispersio
Scattering of electromagnetic waves in metamaterial superlattices
The authors study experimentally both transmission and reflection of microwave radiation from metamaterialsuperlattices created by layers of periodically arranged wires and split-ring resonators. The authors measure the dependence of the metamaterial resonance on the spatial period of the superlattice and demonstrate resonance broadening and splitting for the binary metamaterial structures.The authors acknowledge support from the Australian
Research Council and thank Ekmel Ozbay for providing additional
details of the experimental results published earlier
by his group
The Conserved G-Protein Coupled Receptor FSHR-1 Regulates Protective Host Responses to Infection and Oxidative Stress
The innate immune system’s ability to sense an infection is critical so that it can rapidly respond if pathogenic microorganisms threaten the host, but otherwise maintain a quiescent baseline state to avoid causing damage to the host or to commensal microorganisms. One important mechanism for discriminating between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria is the recognition of cellular damage caused by a pathogen during the course of infection. InCaenorhabditis elegans, the conserved G-protein coupled receptor FSHR-1 is an important constituent of the innate immune response. FSHR-1 activates the expression of antimicrobial infection response genes in infected worms and delays accumulation of the ingested pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa. FSHR-1 is central not only to the worm’s survival of infection by multiple pathogens, but also to the worm’s survival of xenobiotic cadmium and oxidative stresses. Infected worms produce reactive oxygen species to fight off the pathogens; FSHR-1 is required at the site of infection for the expression of detoxifying genes that protect the host from collateral damage caused by this defense response. Finally, the FSHR-1 pathway is important for the ability of worms to discriminate pathogenic from benign bacteria and subsequently initiate an aversive learning program that promotes selective pathogen avoidance
Non-linear Microwave Surface Impedance of Epitaxial HTS Thin Films in Low DC Magnetic Fields
We have carried out non-linear microwave (8 GHz) surface impedance
measurements of three YBaCuO thin films in dc magnetic fields
(parallel to c axis) up to 12 mT using a coplanar resonator technique. In zero
dc field the three films, deposited by the same method, show a spread of
low-power residual surface resistance, and penetration depth,
(T=15 K) within a factor of 1.9. However, they exhibit dramatically
different microwave field, dependences of the surface resistance,
, but universal dependence. Application of a dc field was
found to affect not only absolute values of and , but the functional
dependences and as well. For some of the samples
the dc field was found to decrease below its zero-field low-power value.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To be published in IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.,
June 199
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