Integration analysis of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) role in tumorigenesis of colon adenocarcinoma

Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers globally. Molecular aberrations of tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes are the main contributors to tumorigenesis. However, the exact underlying mechanisms of COAD pathogenesis are clearly not known yet. In this regard, there is an urgent need to indicate promising potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in COAD patients. Methods: In the current study, level 3 RNA-Seq and miR-Seq data and corresponding clinical data of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) were retrieved from the TCGA database. The "limma"package in R software was utilized to indicate the differentially expressed genes. For in silico functional analysis, GO and KEGG signaling pathways were conducted. PPI network was constructed based on the STRING online database by Cytoscape 3.7.2. A ceRNA network was also constructed by "GDCRNATools"package in R software. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (log-rank test) and ROC curve analysis were used to indicate the diagnostic and prognostic values of the biomarkers. Results: The differential expression data demonstrated that 2995 mRNAs, 205 lncRNAs, and 345 miRNAs were differentially expressed in COAD. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed mRNAs were primarily enriched in canonical processes in cancer. The PPI network showed that the CDKN2A, CCND1, MYC, E2F, CDK4, BRCA2, CDC25B, and CDKN1A proteins were the critical hubs. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that 215 mRNAs, 14 lncRNAs, and 39 miRNAs were associated with overall survival time in the patients. Also, the ceRNA network data demonstrated that three lncRNAs including MIR17HG, H19, SNHG1, KCNQ1OT1, MALAT1, GAS5, SNHG20, OR2A1-AS1, and MAGI2-AS3 genes were involved in the development of COAD. Conclusions: Our data suggested several promising lncRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with COAD. © 2020 The Author(s)

Bacteria in carcinogenesis and cancer prevention: A review study

Context: Although conventional therapies improve the conditions of patients with cancer, adverse side effects, and resistance to different therapies have convinced scientists to use alternative methods to overcome these problems. One of the most promising research directions is the application of specific types of bacteria and their components to prevent and treat different cancers. Apart from the ability of bacteria to modulate immune responses, various particular properties such as toxin production and anaerobic lifestyle, have made them one of the potential candidates to help cancer therapy. Evidence Acquisition: In this review, the latest information on the role of bacteria in carcinogenesis and cancer prevention in PubMed, Google scholar, and Science Direct databases in 2020 were considered using a combination of keywords �bacteria�, �car-cinogenesis�, �cancer� and �prevention�. Results: Bacteria-cancer interactions can be studied in 2 areas of bacteria and carcinogenesis and the other bacteria and cancer treatment or prevention. In this review, bacterial carcinogenicity has been mentioned with 3 main mechanisms: bacterial toxin, bacterial metabolites, and chronic inflammation caused by bacteria. Bacterial-mediated tumor therapy (BMTT) is briefly discussed in 8 mechanisms including tumor-targeting bacterial therapy, gene therapy and vectors, bacterial products, arginine metabolism, magnetotactic bacteria, combination bacteriolytic therapy (COBALT), immunomodulation of bacteria in cancer, and immune sur-vival. Conclusions: The importance of bacteria in terms of diversity in their interaction with humans, as well as their components that can affect homeostasis and the immune system, has made them a powerful factor in describing the human condition in health and disease. These important elements can be used in the prevention and treatment of many complex diseases with different origins like cancer. The present study can provide an overview of the role of bacteria in cancer development or prevention and potential approaches for bacteria in cancer therapy. © 2021, Author(s)

Clinicopathological significance of long non-coding rna ghet1 in human cancers: A meta-analysis

Background: Cancer is considered as the main public health problem and the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Numerous environmental-lifestyle related risk factors account for around one-third of cancer deaths. Recently, the key role of lncRNAs has been widely investigated in a variety of disorders, including cancer. The lncRNA GHET1 has been considered as an essential oncogenic lncRNA in many types of human cancers. Clinical investigations indicated that expression of lncRNA GHET1 is correlated with clinicopathological characteristics in cancer. This metaanalysis investigated the correlation between the lncRNA GHET1 expression and clinicopathological features in different types of cancers. Materials and Methods: Comprehensive literature searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge were conducted up to April 11, 2019. Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata software, version 12.0. Results: The pooled OR and 95CIs of the sixteen relevant studies showed that over expression of lncRNA GHET1 was associated with tumor-size �5 cm (OR= 2.51, 95 CI: 1.89-3.33, p=0.00, I2=38.30), positive lymph node metastasis (OR= 2.83, 95 CI: 1.78-4.52, p=0.00, I2=45.60), advanced tumor stage (OR= 3.92, 95 CI: 2.97-5.19, p=0.00, I2=0.00), positive distant metastasis (OR= 5.74, 95 CI: 2.58-12.77, p=0.00, I2=0.00), advanced tumor status (OR= 2.97, 95 CI: 1.406.29, p=0.01, I2=34.70), and positive vascular invasion (OR= 2.69, 95 CI: 1.61-4.50, p=0.00, I2=29.20). Conclusion: Taken together, the current study demonstrated that overexpression of lncRNA GHET1 is significantly associated with clinicopathological features in human cancers. Our results suggested that lncRNA GHET1 can be utilized as a prognostic biomarker in human cancer. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers

Non-coding RNAs underlying chemoresistance in gastric cancer.

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is a major health issue in the Western world. Current clinical imperatives for this disease include the identification of more effective biomarkers to detect GC at early stages and enhance the prevention and treatment of metastatic and chemoresistant GC. The advent of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GC cells acquire features of therapy resistance. ncRNAs play critical roles in normal physiology, but their dysregulation has been detected in a variety of cancers, including GC. A subset of ncRNAs is GC-specific, implying their potential application as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. Hence, evaluating the specific functions of ncRNAs will help to expand novel treatment options for GC.ConclusionsIn this review, we summarize some of the well-known ncRNAs that play a role in the development and progression of GC. We also review the application of such ncRNAs in clinical diagnostics and trials as potential biomarkers. Obviously, a deeper understanding of the biology and function of ncRNAs underlying chemoresistance can broaden horizons toward the development of personalized therapy against GC