Seroepidemiology and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection in East Azerbaijan, Iran: a population-based Azar Cohort study

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne virus. It is a major global public health problem and can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis. The aim of this study was to report the epidemiological features of HCV infection and risk factors based on the data from Azar Cohort, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Methods: The population of this study comprised the people in the age range of 35-70 years from Azar Cohort, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2016. Based on cluster sampling, 4, 949 people were selected and invited to complete the questionnaire and perform the tests. Blood samples collected in this study were analyzed to detect the presence of antibodies against HCV using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) Kit. The positive samples were re-tested by qualitative HCV-RNA polymerase chain reaction. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 49.15±9.02 years. Of these participants, 54.3 (n=2686) were females. Seven people (0.14) were detected as HCV positive and the highest frequency was seen in the age range of 40-50 (0.16). There was a statistical significant relationship between history of hospitalization (P=0.02) and history of abnormal urine (P=0.01) with the frequency of HCV infection. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the frequency of hepatitis C virus infection is 0.14 in the general population of Azar Cohort

The Effect of Propofol on the Success Rate of Transurethral Lithotripsy by Holmium Laser: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is the third most common affliction of the urinary tract that has been associated with an increasing incidence. Over decades, great advances have been made in the minimally invasive treatment of urinary stones. Recently, transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) by holmium laser was introduced as a possible therapeutic option. This study evaluated the effect of propofol on the success rate of TUL by holmium laser.Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 180 patients to investigate the effect of propofol on the success and complication rate of TUL by holmium laser. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: the first group received sodium thiopental (n = 89) while the second group received propofol (n = 91). The two groups were compared in terms of the fluctuations of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), operation time, future stone-free rate (SFR), stone migration, post-operative fever, and ureteral complications such as perforation and mucosal damage. Other developed complications were also recorded. After data gathering, statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 21.Results: the patients’ data such as age, sex, stone diameter, stone laterality, duration of stone impaction, primary SBP, DBP and HR were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). TUL and anesthesia duration, first-minute and fifth-minute SBP and DBP, and also changes of HR were significantly lower in the propofol group compared with the sodium thiopental group (P < 0.001). Moreover, SFR of TUL was more evident in the propofol group. Ureteral mucosal damage was significantly less in the propofol group.Conclusion: Propofol was associated with a higher reduction in SBP and DBP, decreased duration of TUL, fewer fluctuations in HR, and an increased success rate of stone removal by TUL with holmium laser

The Effect of the Implementation of E-Crm Electronic Satisfaction and Loyalty, Electronic Consumers of Mellat Bank's Website

Organizations that compete for power in the market constantly looking for ways to overcome their rivals. Today's customers want to engage with the organization. Successful customer relationship management is one of the major competitive advantages that organizations can use to prevent the transmission of clients to other organizations deemed of operation. The degree to which an organization is able to maintain effective communication with their clients, more opportunities to offer more services to its business customers will offer. Considering the above study to evaluate the effect of the implementation of E-CRM on e-satisfaction and customer loyalty has paid electronically, users of the Mellat Bank's website. To collect information from the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha was used validation. Respondents were customers and users of online services of the Mellat Bank's website. Survey research method - has been described. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as correlation analysis, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis using SPSS software is used. The results show that the implementation of E-CRM is a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty-mail

Hepatitis C virus Genotypes in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease in East Azerbaijan, Iran

Information about the genotypes and associated risk factors in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients in Iran is limited. The aim of this study was to identify the HCV genotypes and associated risk factors in a group of HCV infected patients on dialysis therapy in Iran. The sera of 753 patients with chronic renal failure from fifteen dialysis units in East Azerbaijan Province were screened for anti-HCV antibodies as well as HCV RNA; viral RNA was extracted for the genotype specific primer approach. Patients were questioned concerning documented risk factors. Genotyping analysis was performed in 55 patients with positive anti-HCV and HCV-RNA. Genotypes 1 and 3 were found in 46 (83.7%) and three (5.5%) patients, respectively. The most frequent HCV subtype was 1a (76.4%), followed by 3a and 1b and 1b (5.5% each) while one patient was infected with both 1a and 1b. There was no statistically significant difference between the risk factors analyzed and the acqui-sition of HCV infection. This study gives added evidence of the predominant HCV genotypes in Iran, which is different than reports from other Arab countries and similar with the pattern of genotype in both Europe and United States

Epidemiology of Children and Adolescents Psychiatric Disorders in Qazvin Central Areas 2016-2017 (A National Project)

Background Identification of children and adolescents mental health problems need to investigate of psychiatric disorders. Objective We aimed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in central areas of Qazvin Province children and adolescent ages 6 to 18 years and their comorbidities. Methods This is a national project that will be implemented in central areas of Qazvin Province. This project will be focused on 1025 children and adolescents ages 6 to 18 years from central area of Qazvin province by cluster sampling method with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version questionnaire (K-SADS-PL). The interview was conducted by 8 clinical psychologists Findings The prevalence of total psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents was 28.19% (95% CI=21.81-22.82) that was among boys 31.5% and among girls 25% and by comparing 95% of confidence interval of prevalence of psychiatric disorders in both genders. We saw a significant difference in total psychiatric disorder (P≤0.02) and results also showed that odds ratio (95% CI) for psychiatric disorders in the total population in terms of sex was 0.7 (for female). In addition, anxiety disorders had the most highlighted prevalence among all (13.2%) and; specific phobias disorders (4.7%) was the most common disorders .The results showed that the comorbidity of anxiety disorders and behavioral disorders is more than any others (22.2%). Free job mothers were valuable (P≤0.006). Conclusion This study showed the child and adolescents are significantly different in term of sex in central areas of Qazvin Province. Anxiety disorders are most common psychiatric disorders