Study on Genotype×Environment Interaction through GGE Biplot in Spring Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

GGE (genotype + genotype×environment) biplot is one of the new graphical methods to study genotype×environment interaction in which the effects of genotype and G×E interaction are not separated and selection is based on both of these effects. In the present research, GGE biplot was used to study 14 safflower genotypes over six research stations under water stress and non-stress conditions in spring planting. The results of analysis of variance showed that 93.9% of total variation was due to environment and 6.1% due to genotype and G×E interaction. The polygon-view of GGE biplot recognized six superior genotypes and four mega-environments. The best genotypes within each environment were determined. The seven genotypes located in sectors that no environment was placed indicated that these genotypes were poor in most of the environments. Simultaneous evaluation of yield and stability through average environment coordinate biplot showed that Hartman, Gila and Sina with high seed yield had higher yield stability. Hartman was the nearest variety to ideal genotype (assumed genotype with the highest yield and stability) and Gila and Sina varieties were also close to ideal genotype, too. Biplot of correlation among environments revealed that Shirvan and Kohdasht were similar environments, so that water stress and non-stress conditions were not able to make differences between these locations. Zanjan, Ghamlo, Kohdasht and Sararood environments under non-stress conditions had higher discriminating ability

Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Colletotrichum spp. Isolates Associated with Leguminosae Using Multigene Loci, RAPD and ISSR

Genetic diversity and differentiation of 50 Colletotrichum spp. isolates from legume crops studied through multigene loci, RAPD and ISSR analysis. DNA sequence comparisons by six genes (ITS, ACT, Tub2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and HIS3) verified species identity of C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporiodes and identity C. capsici as a synonym of C. truncatum. Based on the matrix distance analysis of multigene sequences, the Colletotrichum species showed diverse degrees of intera and interspecific divergence (0.0 to 1.4%) and (15.5–19.9), respectively. A multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis clustered Colletotrichum spp. isolates into 3 well-defined clades, representing three distinct species; C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. The ISSR and RAPD and cluster analysis exhibited a high degree of variability among different isolates and permitted the grouping of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. into three distinct clusters. Distinct populations of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were genetically in accordance with host specificity and inconsistent with geographical origins. The large population of C. truncatum showed greater amounts of genetic diversity than smaller populations of C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides species. Results of ISSR and RAPD markers were congruent, but the effective maker ratio and the number of private alleles were greater in ISSR markers

The Plant Pathology Journal Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Colletotrichum spp. Isolates Associated with Leguminosae Using Multigene Loci, RAPD and ISSR

Genetic diversity and differentiation of 50 Colletotrichum spp. isolates from legume crops studied through multigene loci, RAPD and ISSR analysis. DNA sequence comparisons by six genes (ITS, ACT, Tub2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and HIS3) verified species identity of C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporiodes and identity C. capsici as a synonym of C. truncatum. Based on the matrix distance analysis of multigene sequences, the Colletotrichum species showed diverse degrees of intera and interspecific divergence (0.0 to 1.4%) and (15.5-19.9), respectively. A multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis clustered Colletotrichum spp. isolates into 3 well-defined clades, representing three distinct species; C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. The ISSR and RAPD and cluster analysis exhibited a high degree of variability among different isolates and permitted the grouping of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. into three distinct clusters. Distinct populations of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were genetically in accordance with host specificity and inconsistent with geographical origins. The large population of C. truncatum showed greater amounts of genetic diversity than smaller populations of C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides species. Results of ISSR and RAPD markers were congruent, but the effective maker ratio and the number of private alleles were greater in ISSR markers