7 research outputs found
Water analysis with the help of tensor canonical decompositions
Coopération universitaire et scientifique Franco-VietnamienneInternational audienceRaw data are collected in five measurement locations along the Var river. It is assumed that some locations interact with each other, whereas others do not. In such a context, we are interested in determining the contribution of each location and in better understanding the water exchanges that are involved. Organic components can also be identified thanks to methods such as Canonical Polyadic decompositions (CP) (sometimes known as Parafac), applied to 3D fluorescence spectra calculated from the collected samples. The expected impact is a more efficient detection of polluting matters in water
Etude hydrochimique du systÚme aquifÚre de la basse vallée du Var Apport des éléments traces et des isotopes (Sr, Pb, Ύ18O, 226, 228Ra)
The main goal of this study is to improve the knowledge of the Lower Var Valley aquifers, under both Mediterranean and Alpine influences. Majors, trace elements, and O, Sr and Pb isotopes have been analysed under various hydrological conditions in water of the Low Var Valley including the alluvial aquifer, the Var River, its tributaries and groundwaters from Jurassic limestones and Pliocene conglomerates, which are the substrate of alluvia. Concentrations of most majors and trace elements are often close to the natural background, which gives a baseline quality for waters. High sensitivity in trace element measurement may allow to early detect contamination in any water body. Agricultural and/or residential contaminations have been detected in limestone and above all in conglomerate groundwater. The Var River is the main source of water for the alluvial aquifer, especially in upstream part. Conglomerate groundwater inputs stand for about 20% of alluvial water recharge, which is lower than previously estimated. The use of both major and trace elements gives evidences of high heterogeneity in conglomerate groundwater and leads to estimate the proportions of inputs to the alluvial aquifer. Recharge of the alluvial aquifer by Jurassic limestones seems to be insignificant. Strong influence of Triassic evaporites in most samples gives limitation to the use of strontium isotopes as tracers of water origin. Pb isotopes gave complex results, which could suggest both a natural origin and an anthropogenic one that could be related to rainwater. Radium isotopes were used to estimate the flow velocity in the alluvial aquifer. Several techniques demonstrate the analytical feasibility of this approach and despite important exchanges with aquifer matrix, the use of isotopic ratios apparently minimizes the effect of complex processes.L'objectif principal de cette Ă©tude est d'amĂ©liorer les connaissances sur le systĂšme aquifĂšre de la basse vallĂ©e du Var, principale ressource d'eau potable dans une rĂ©gion soumise Ă des influences mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes et alpines. La composition des Ă©lĂ©ments majeurs et traces, des isotopes de l'O, du Pb et du Sr a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©e Ă diffĂ©rentes pĂ©riodes hydrologiques dans les eaux du fleuve Var, de ses affluents, de la nappe alluviale de la basse vallĂ©e, et des aquifĂšres des calcaires jurassiques et des poudingues pliocĂšnes, qui constituent le substratum des alluvions. Les concentrations mesurĂ©es sont souvent proches du fond gĂ©ochimique naturel, ce qui fournit pour chaque type d'eaux un point de rĂ©fĂ©rence de la qualitĂ© et permet, grĂące Ă la sensibilitĂ© de la mesure des traces, de dĂ©tecter la moindre pollution Ă©mergente. Des pollutions agricoles et/ou domestiques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©es, en particulier dans les eaux des poudingues, ceci mĂȘme en profondeur. Le fleuve constitue la principale source d'alimentation de la nappe alluviale, essentiellement Ă l'amont de la vallĂ©e. La recharge de la nappe par l'aquifĂšre des poudingues reprĂ©sente 20% environ, ce qui est infĂ©rieur aux estimations prĂ©cĂ©dentes. L'utilisation conjointe des Ă©lĂ©ments traces et majeurs met en Ă©vidence l'hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des eaux des poudingues, et permet d'Ă©valuer les proportions de mĂ©lange. L'alimentation de la nappe par les calcaires semble faible. La forte influence chimique des Ă©vaporites triasiques limite l'utilisation des isotopes du Sr comme marqueur d'origine des eaux. Les isotopes du Pb ont fourni des rĂ©sultats complexes qui semblent montrer une origine Ă la fois naturelle et anthropique, cette derniĂšre apparemment liĂ©e aux pluies. Les isotopes du Ra ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s afin d'estimer le temps de parcours dans la nappe alluviale. La faisabilitĂ© analytique de la mĂ©thode semble acquise. MalgrĂ© d'importants Ă©changes avec le milieu traversĂ©, l'utilisation des rapports isotopiques semble s'affranchir de certains processus complexes
Ătude hydrochimique du systĂšme aquifĂšre de la basse vallĂ©e du Var (apport des Ă©lĂ©ments traces et des isotopes (Sr, Pb, O, Ra))
L objectif principal de cette Ă©tude est d amĂ©liorer les connaissances sur le systĂšme aquifĂšre de la basse vallĂ©e du Var, principale ressource d eau potable dans une rĂ©gion soumise Ă des influences mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes et alpines. La composition des Ă©lĂ©ments majeurs et traces, des isotopes de l O, du Pb et du Sr a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©e Ă diffĂ©rentes pĂ©riodes hydrologiques dans les eaux du fleuve Var, de ses affluents, de la nappe alluviale de la basse vallĂ©e, et des aquifĂšres des calcaires jurassiques et des poudingues pliocĂšnes, qui constituent le substratum des alluvions. Les concentrations mesurĂ©es sont souvent proches du fond gĂ©ochimique naturel, ce qui fournit pour chaque type d eaux un point de rĂ©fĂ©rence de la qualitĂ© et permet, grĂące Ă la sensibilitĂ© de la mesure des traces, de dĂ©tecter la moindre pollution Ă©mergente. Des pollutions agricoles et / ou domestiques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©es, en particulier dans les eaux des poudingues, ceci mĂȘme en profondeur. Le fleuve constitue la principale source d alimentation de la nappe alluviale, essentiellement Ă l amont de la vallĂ©e. La recharge de la nappe par l aquifĂšre des poudingues reprĂ©sente 20 % environ, ce qui est infĂ©rieur aux estimations prĂ©cĂ©dentes. L utilisation conjointe des Ă©lĂ©ments traces et majeurs met en Ă©vidence l hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des eaux des poudingues, et permet d Ă©valuer les proportions de mĂ©lange. L alimentation de la nappe par les calcaires semble faible. La forte influence chimique des Ă©vaporites triasiques limite l utilisation des isotopes du Sr comme marqueur d origine des eaux. Les isotopes du Pb ont fourni des rĂ©sultats complexes qui semblent montrer une origine Ă la fois naturelle et anthropique, cette derniĂšre apparemment liĂ©e aux pluies. Les isotopes du Ra ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s afin d estimer le temps de parcours dans la nappe alluviale. La faisabilitĂ© analytique de la mĂ©thode semble acquise. MalgrĂ© d importants Ă©changes avec le milieu traversĂ©, l utilisation des rapports isotopiques semble s affranchir de certains processus complexes.The main goal of this study is to improve the knowledge of the Lower Var Valley aquifers, under both Mediterranean and Alpine influences. Majors, trace elements, and O, Sr and Pb isotopes have been analysed under various hydrological conditions in water of the Low Var Valley including the alluvial aquifer, the Var River, its tributaries and groundwaters from Jurassic limestones and Pliocene conglomerates, which are the substrate of alluvia. Concentrations of most majors and trace elements are often close to the natural background, which gives a baseline quality of waters. High sensitivity in trace element measurement may allow to early detect contamination in any water body. Agricultural and / or residential contaminations have been detected in limestone and above all in conglomerate groundwater. The Var River is the main source of water of the alluvial aquifer, especially in upstream part. Conglomerate groundwater inputs stand for about 20 % of alluvial water recharge, which is lower than previously estimated. The use of both major and trace elements gives evidences of high heterogeneity in conglomerate groundwater and leads to estimate the proportions of inputs to the alluvial aquifer. Recharge of the alluvial aquifer by Jurassic limestones seems to be significant. Strong influence of Triassic evaporates in most samples gives limitation to the use of strontium isotopes as tracers of water origin. Pb isotopes gave complex results, which could suggest both a natural origin and an anthropogenic one that could be related to rainwater. Radium isotopes were used to estimate the flow velocity in the alluvial aquifer. Several techniques demonstrate the analytical feasibility of this approach and despite important exchanges with aquifer matrix, the use of isotopic ratios apparently minimizes the effect of complex processes.NICE-BU Sciences (060882101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Naturally dissolved arsenic concentrations in the Alpine/Mediterranean Var River watershed (France)
International audienceâą Variations of dissolved arsenic concentration according to water/rock interactions âą As in river water originates from Perm-ian and Hercynian metamorphic rocks âą 4.2 tonsâ
year â 1 of dissolved As is transferred to the Mediterranean Sea. âą The use of a mixing model supports the non-conservative nature of arsenic. A detailed study on arsenic (As) in rocks and water from the Var River watershed was undertaken aiming at identifying (i) the origin and the distribution of As in this typical Alpine/Mediterranean basin, and (ii) As input into the Mediterranean Sea. Dissolved As concentrations in the Var River range from 0.1 to 4.5 ÎŒgâ
L â1 , due to high hydrological variability and the draining through different geological formations. In the upper part of the Var drainage basin, in the TinĂ©e and the VĂ©subie valleys, high levels of dissolved As concentrations occur (up to 263 ÎŒg â
L â1). The two main sources of As in rocks are the Hercynian metamorphic rocks and the Permian argilites. Highly heterogeneous distribution of As in waters draining through metamorphic rocks is probably related to ore deposits containing arsenopyrite. As, U, W and Mo concentrations in water and rocks correspond to the formation of As-rich ore deposits around Argentera granite by hydrothermal fluids deposited at the end of the Hercynian chain formation, which occurred about 300 My ago. In 2009, weekly monitoring was performed on the Var River (15 km upstream of the mouth), highlighting an average dissolved As concentration (b0.45 ÎŒm) of 2.7 ± 0.9 ÎŒgâ
L â1 , which is significantly higher than the world-average baseline for river water (0.83 ÎŒg â
L â1). Taking the average annual discharge (49.4 m 3 â
s â1) into account and the As levels in the dissolved phase and in deposits of the Var River, dissolved As input into the Mediterranean Sea would be 4.2 ± 1.4 tonsâ
year â1 which represents 59% of the total As flux. This study also reveals a probable non-conservative As behaviour, i.e., possible transfer between aqueous and solid phases, during the mixing of the Var River with a tributary