Référentiels de compétences à l’université

La recherche présentée contribue à analyser le rôle des référentiels de compétences dans le pilotage de la formation à l’université et dans les pratiques d’enseignement et d’évaluation des enseignants. Elle explore également les liens entre le rôle joué par un référentiel et les conditions qui ont présidé à sa réalisation. L’étude croisée de dix cas dans différents pays permet de montrer que, dans la plupart des cas, les référentiels étudiés ont joué un rôle bien plus important dans le pilotage de la formation que dans les pratiques d’enseignement et d’évaluation.The aim of this paper is to present a research contributing to analyze the role of reference systems for competences in the management of training at university and in teachers’ teaching practices and assessment. This research also explores the links between the role played by a system of reference and the conditions which presided over its creation. A cross study of ten cases was carried out in various countries which enabled us to show that in most cases the analyzed systems of reference played a much more important part in the management of training than in teaching and assessment practices.La investigación presentada contribuye à analizar el papel de los referenciales de competencias en el pilotaje de la formación en la universidad y en las prácticas de docencia y de evaluación de los docentes. Explora igualmente los vínculos entre el papel desempeñado por un referencial y las condiciones que han presidido à su realización. El estudio cruzado de diez casos en diferentes países permite demostrar que en la mayoría de los casos, los referenciales han desempeñado un papel mucho más importante en el pilotaje de la formación que en las prácticas de docencia y de evaluación.Diese Forschungsarbeit trägt dazu bei, die Rolle der Bezugssysteme der Kompetenzen bei der Ausbildungssteuerung an der Universität und bei den Lehrtätigkeiten und der Evaluation der Lehrer zu analysieren. Sie erforscht auch die Verbindungen zwischen der von einem Bezugssystem gespielten Rolle und den Bedingungen, die es möglich gemacht haben. Mit der gekreuzten Studie von 10 Fällen in verschiedenen Ländern wird gezeigt, dass die Bezugssysteme meistens eine viel wichtigere Rolle bei der Ausbildungssteuerung gespielt haben als bei den Lehr-und Evaluationstätigkeiten

Caregivers’ education vs rhinopharyngeal clearance in children with upper respiratory infections: impact on children’s health outcomes

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI) are very common in children having no effective pharmacological treatment. This study aimed to compare the effect of caregivers' health education regarding children's respiratory infections and the effect of a rhinopharyngeal clearance protocol in children with URTI. A factorial trial was conducted in 138 children up to 3 years, attending day-care centres. Children were distributed into four groups: control group (CG) (n = 38); education group (EG) (n = 34); intervention group (IG) (n = 35); and education and intervention group (E + IG) (n = 31). A Diary of Records was kept by caregivers during 1 month. There were significant differences between groups concerning: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (CG = 29.4%; EG = 10.7%; IG = 3.8%; E + IG = 0.0%; p = 0.014); acute otitis media (CG = 32.4%; EG = 7.1%; IG = 11.5%; E + IG = 7.7%; p = 0.014); medical consultations (CG = 70.6%; EG = 42.9%; IG = 38.5%; E + IG = 30.8%; p = 0.021); antibiotics (CG = 44.1%; EG = 7.1%; IG = 23.1%; E + IG = 15.4%; p = 0.006); days missed from day-care (CG = 55 days; EG = 22 days; IG = 14 days; E + IG = 6 days; p = 0.020); days missed from employment (CG = 31 days; EG = 20 days; IG = 5 days; E + IG = 1 day; p = 0.021); and nasal clearance techniques (CG = 41.4%; EG = 78.6%; IG = 57.7%; E + IG = 84.6%; p = 0.011).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Modelling the rainfall-runoff response from a headwater wetland

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Immediate effects of a rhino-pharyngeal clearance protocol in nasal obstruction and middle ear condition of children under 3 years of age with upper respiratory infections: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction and objectives Children up to 2 years old are at high risk of respiratory infections and nasal irrigation is often prescribed. Yet, to date there is no sufficient knowledge about its immediate effects on the nasopharynx and middle ear. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of a rhino-pharyngeal clearance intervention protocol on nasal obstruction and middle ear condition in children under 3 years of age with URTI. Materials and methods Randomized controlled trial in a day-care centre of Porto, including 44 children randomized to Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG). Nasal auscultation and tympanometry were performed at baseline (M0) as well as after the intervention (M1), which consisted of nasal irrigation (NaCl .9%) followed by a forced nasal inspiration in the IG, and after 30 min of normal activities, in the CG. Results In M1 there was a lower frequency of children classified as having an obstructed nasal sound in the IG when compared to the CG (IG = 33.3%; CG = 68.4%; p = 0.042). We also observed an improvement of mean peak pressure (PP) in the IG (Left ear: M0 = −124daPa; M1 = −92daPa; p = 0.022. Right ear: M0 = −102daPa; M1 = −77daPa; p = 0.021), which was not observed in the CG (Left ear: M0 = −105daPa; M1 = −115daPa; p = 0.485. Right ear: M0 = −105daPa; M1 = −131daPa; p = 0.105). There were no significant results concerning the compliance of the tympanic membrane. Conclusions The rhino-pharyngeal clearance improved the nasal obstruction and PP of the middle ear of children under 3 years of age with URTI.Introducción y objetivos Los niños corren un alto riesgo de infecciones respiratorias superiores (IRS) y con frecuencia se prescriben irrigaciones nasales. Hasta hoy no hay suficiente conocimiento sobre sus efectos inmediatos en la nasofaringe y el oído medio. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el efecto de un protocolo de intervención de limpieza nasal en la obstrucción y en el estado del oído medio de niños menores de 3 años con IRS. Material y métodos Ensayo controlado aleatorizado en una guardería de Oporto, incluidos 44 niños asignados al Grupo de intervención (IG) y al Grupo de control (CG). La auscultación nasal y la timpanometría se realizaron al inicio (M0) y después de la intervención (M1), que consistió en irrigación nasal (NaCl 0,9%) seguido de una inspiración nasal forzada en IG, y después de 30 min de actividades normales en CG. Resultados En M1 hubo una menor frecuencia de niños clasificados como con un sonido nasal obstruido en IG en comparación con CG (IG = 33,3%; CG = 68,4%; p = 0,042). También se observó una mejora de la presión máxima media (PP) en IG (oído izquierdo: M0 = −124 daPa; M1 = −92 daPa; p = 0,022; oído derecho: M0 = −102 daPa; M1 = −77 daPa; p = 0,021), que no se observó en CG (oído izquierdo: M0 = −105 daPa; M1 = −115 daPa; p = 0,485; oído derecho: M0 = −105 daPa; M1 = −131 daPa; p = 0,105). No hubo resultados significativos con respecto al cumplimiento de la membrana timpánica. Conclusiones La limpieza nasal mejoró la obstrucción y la PP del oído medio de niños menores de 3 años con IRS.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Parâmetros anamnésicos e semiológicos em condições respiratórias pediátricas: adaptação cultural para a população portuguesa

Young children are at high risk of respiratory infections. The severity of the disease is based on the assessment of signs and symptoms, although there is a lack of validated scales to the Portuguese population. The aim of this study was to accomplish the cultural adaptation and validation of the subjective and objective parameters in paediatric respiratory conditions, according to Postiaux. We ensured the cultural adaptation of the “Paramètres anamnestiques et cliniques utiles au suivi et à l’achèvement de la toilette bronchopulmonaire du nourrisson et de l’enfant”, created by Guy Postiaux. Then we analysed content, conceptual and construct validity, as well as test-retest reliability. The Portuguese version was applied in a sample of 59 children, with a mean age of 23.05 ± 8.34 months, 55.9% male. We stablished semantics and construct validity and adopted the title “Paediatric Respiratory Severity Score” (PRSS). PRSS obtained a good internal consistency (α de Cronbach = 0.80) and an excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.91). Subjective parameters revealed a Cronbach’ α = 0.80 and an ICC = 0.90. Objective parameters obtained a Cronbach’ α = 0.73 and an ICC = 0.85. The application of PRSS to the sample showed that 37.3% of the children had a normal health condition (PRSS = 8) and 62.7% of the children had a moderate impairment of their health condition (9 ≤ PRSS ≤ 16). Paediatric Respiratory Severity Score is a valid and reliable measure to assess the severity of acute respiratory infections in children under 36 months of age.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio