Etiquette: In Society, In Business, In Politics and At Home (Part Three)

This book is intended to allow its readers to access the guidelines of etiquette that allow them to be of the best society, which the author states is not a fellowship of the wealthy, nor does it seek to exclude those who are not of exalted birth; but it is an association of gentle-folk, of which good form in speech, charm of manner, knowledge of the social amenities and instinctive consideration for the feelings of others, are the credentials by which society the world over recognizes its chosen members. The book has several illustrations throughout. This final portion of the book discusses the country house, house parties in camp, notes and letters, clubs and club etiquette, sports, business and politics etiquette, clothing, home manners, traveling, and the growth of good taste in America.https://openworks.wooster.edu/motherhomeheaven/1108/thumbnail.jp

Etiquette: In Society, In Business, In Politics and at Home (Part Two)

This book is intended to allow its readers to access the guidelines of etiquette that allow them to be of the best society, which the author states is not a fellowship of the wealthy, nor does it seek to exclude those who are not of exalted birth; but it is an association of gentle-folk, of which good form in speech, charm of manner, knowledge of the social amenities and instinctive consideration for the feelings of others, are the credentials by which society the world over recognizes its chosen members. The book has several illustrations throughout. This second portion of the book discusses how to give dinners with limited equipment, luncheons and other meals, balls, and dances. It further discusses the roles of the debutante and the chaperon. Discussion of marriage etiquette includes engagements, first preparations for weddings, and the day of the wedding. Other social events discussed include christenings and funerals.https://openworks.wooster.edu/motherhomeheaven/1107/thumbnail.jp

Etiquette: In Society, In Business, In Politics and at Home (Part One)

This book is intended to allow its readers to access the guidelines of etiquette that allow them to be of the best society, which the author states is not a fellowship of the wealthy, nor does it seek to exclude those who are not of exalted birth; but it is an association of gentle-folk, of which good form in speech, charm of manner, knowledge of the social amenities and instinctive consideration for the feelings of others, are the credentials by which society the world over recognizes its chosen members. The book has several illustrations throughout. This portion of the etiquette guide includes descriptions for introductions, greetings, courtesies, street etiquette, public gatherings, conversation, phrases and pronunciation, community, cards and visits, and accepting and declining invitations. It also addresses the well-appointed house, teas and afternoon parties, and formal dinners.https://openworks.wooster.edu/motherhomeheaven/1106/thumbnail.jp

Associations Among Perceived Motor Competence, Motor Competence, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Physical Fitness of Children Ages 10-15 Years Old.

Purpose: To examine the associations among perceived motor competence (PMC), motor competence (MC), physical activity, and health-related physical fitness during middle childhood and early adolescence. Method: Participants were 47, 10-15 year old youth. Each participant completed two visits in East Tennessee or northwest Ohio. During these visits, the participants completed the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT-2) Analysis Test for Motor Proficiency, Harter’s PMC questionnaire, and the FITNESSGRAM battery for health-related physical fitness. The Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to measure physical activity. Results: There were significant associations among health-related physical fitness and both motor percentile (rs = 0.44, p \u3c 0.01) and PMC (rs = 0.32, p \u3c 0.05). An association was found among PMC and MC (rs = 0.47, p \u3c 0.05). There were no significant associations among average daily MVPA and any of the other variables. Conclusions: High MC and PMC appear to be associated with higher levels of health-related physical fitness. It is important for children to learn fundamental motor skills to possibly participate in more complex motor skills related to physical fitness and for children to be encouraged in a positive manner while participating in physical activity to possibly increase their PMC

Health-enhancing Physical Activity During Practice Among Student Football Managers at a Division I University

Objective: Student football managers have demands on their time that may pose barriers Received 5 April 2018 to meeting recommended current physical activity (PA) guidelines. The study sought to assess the amount of PA obtained by student football managers at a NCAA Division I Football university. Participants: Subjects were student football managers (n¼14) with data collected in the fall 2015. Methods: Participants wore an Omron HJ-720ITFFP pedometer for seven consecutive days during football activities only, while self-reporting their overall PA on day 7. Measures were analyzed using repeated measures and mixed-design Athletics; epidemiology; ANOVAs. Results: Managers averaged 8474 steps/day for each practice/game. All PA health education; measures significantly varied by day and manager experience. Overall PA equated to physical activity 78 hours of walking. Conclusions: Student football managers easily met and surpassed the recommended aerobic health-enhancing PA guideline. While their manager-related PA was 140 minutes per week, other PA allowed them to easily reach significantly healthy levels of PA

Diversity of Synechococcus at the Martha\u27s Vineyard Coastal Observatory: Insights from Culture Isolations, Clone Libraries, and Flow Cytometry

The cyanobacterium Synechococcus is a ubiquitous, important phytoplankter across the world’s oceans. A high degree of genetic diversity exists within the marine group, which likely contributes to its global success. Over 20 clades with different distribution patterns have been identified. However, we do not fully understand the environmental factors that control clade distributions. These factors are likely to change seasonally, especially in dynamic coastal systems. To investigate how coastal Synechococcus assemblages change temporally, we assessed the diversity of Synechococcus at the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) over three annual cycles with culture-dependent and independent approaches. We further investigated the abundance of both phycoerythrin (PE)-containing and phycocyanin (PC)-only Synechococcus with a flow cytometric setup that distinguishes PC-only Synechococcus from picoeukaryotes. We found that the Synechococcus assemblage at MVCO is diverse (13 different clades identified), but dominated by clade I representatives. Many clades were only isolated during late summer and fall, suggesting more favorable conditions for isolation at this time. PC-only strains from four different clades were isolated, but these cells were only detected by flow cytometry in a few samples over the time series, suggesting they are rare at this site. Within clade I, we identified four distinct subclades. The relative abundances of each subclade varied over the seasonal cycle, and the high Synechococcus cell concentration at MVCO may be maintained by the diversity found within this clade. This study highlights the need to understand how temporal aspects of the environment affect Synechococcus community structure and cell abundance

The Effects of a Korean Ginseng, GINST15, on Perceptual Effort, Psychomotor Performance, and Physical Performance in Men and Women

The purpose of this double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation was to examine the effects of a Korean Ginseng (GINST15) on measures of perception and physical performance following an acute bout of resistance exercise. Ten women (age: 38.7 ± 7.8 years; height: 1.64 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 76.0 ± 11.6 kg) and nine men (age: 41.2. ± 9.7 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 88.5 ± 5.0 kg) completed the investigation. Participants were randomized to a three-cycle testing scheme consisting of high dose ginseng (HIGH: 960 mg/day), low dose ginseng (LOW: 160 mg/day) and placebo (PBO: 0 mg/day). After 14 days of supplementation participants returned to the laboratory for an acute resistance exercise trial (5 sets of 12 repetitions of the leg press at 70% of one-repetition-maximum [1RM]). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed after each set. Muscle pain/soreness was assessed before exercise and 24 hours post exercise. Psychomotor performance and peak power were measured before exercise, immediately post exercise and 24 hours after exercise. Each treatment cycle was separated by a minimum one-week washout period. HIGH significantly reduced perceived exertion during exercise. HIGH and LOW significantly reduced change in muscle soreness at 24 hours post exercise. Analysis of peak power demonstrated the presence of responders (n = 13) and non-responders (n = 6). Responders showed a significant effect of HIGH GINST15 on maintenance of neuromuscular function. The appearance of responders and non-responders, could explain the mixed literature base on the ergogenic properties of ginseng

The Effects of a Korean Ginseng, GINST15, on Hypo-Pituitary-Adrenal and Oxidative Activity Induced by Intense Work Stress

The effect of GINST15, an enzyme fermented ginseng supplement, on hormonal and inflammatory responses to physical stress in humans is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the constitutive and stress-induced effects of GINST15 supplement on hypo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and antioxidant activity in addition to muscle damage. Ten women (age: 38.7 ± 7.8 years; height: 163.81 ± 4.4 cm; body mass 76.0 ± 11.6 kg) and nine men (age: 41.2. ± 9.7 years; height: 177.4 ± 5.3 cm; body mass: 88.5 ± 5.0 kg) participated in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced within-group study. Participants completed three 14-day treatment cycles with different doses (high: 960 mg; low: 160 mg; placebo: 0 mg) separated by a 1-week washout period. At the end of treatment, physical stress was imposed with intense resistance exercise work stress. Participants provided blood at rest and various time points after exercise (immediately [IP], 30 min [30], 60 min [60], 24 h [+24HR]). Cortisol (CORT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione, nonspecific antioxidant activity, total antioxidant power (TAP), and creatine kinase were measured. GINST15 supplementation produced stress-inducible dose-dependent reductions in circulating cortisol and increased enzymatic and nonspecific antioxidant activity. Twenty-four hours after intense exercise, a high dose GINST15, a bioactive ginsenoside metabolite, significantly reduces muscle damage and HPA responses to physical stress in humans; these effects may result from increased antioxidant expression

Changes of Hydration Measures in Elite National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Wrestlers

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in the state of hydration in elite National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college wrestlers during and after a season. Methods: Ohio State University wrestling team members (N = 6; mean [SD] age = 19.6 [1.1] y; height = 171.6 [2.9] cm; body mass = 69.5 [8.1] kg) gave informed consent to participate in the investigation with measurements (ie, body mass, urine-specific gravity [USG; 2 methods], Visual Analog Scale thirst scale, plasma osmolality) obtained during and after the season. Results: Measurements for USG, regardless of methods, were not significantly different between visits, but plasma osmolality was significantly (P = .001) higher at the beginning of the season—295.5 (4.9) mOsm·kg−1 compared with 279.6 (6.1) mOsm·kg−1 after the season. No changes in thirst ratings were observed, and the 2 measures of USG were highly correlated (r \u3e .9, P = .000) at each time point, but USG and plasma osmolality were not related. Conclusions: A paradox in the clinical interpretation of euhydration in the beginning of the season was observed with the USG, indicating that the wrestlers were properly hydrated, while the plasma osmolality showed they were not. Thus, the tracking of hydration status during the season is a concern when using only NCAA policies and procedures. The wrestlers did return to normal euhydration levels after the season on both biomarkers, which is remarkable, as previous studies have indicated that this may not happen because of the reregulation of the osmol-regulatory center in the brain

Systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health interventions in humanitarian crises

Objectives This systematic review aims to evaluate evidence on the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions delivered in humanitarian crises.Setting Crisis affected low-income or middle-income countries.Participants Crisis-affected populations in low-income or middle-income countries.Method Peer-reviewed and grey literature sources were systematically searched for relevant papers detailing interventions from 1 January 1980 until the search date on 30 April 2013. Data from included studies were then extracted, and the papers’ quality evaluated using criteria based on modified STROBE and CONSORT checklists.Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcomes include, but are not limited to, changes in morbidity, mortality, sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis or gender-based violence. Secondary outcomes include, but are not limited to, reported condom use or skilled attendance at birth. Primary outputs include, but are not limited to, condoms distributed or education courses taught.Results Of 7149 returned citations, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Only one randomised controlled trial was identified. The remaining observational studies were of moderate quality, demonstrating limited use of controls and inadequate attempts to address bias. Evidence of effectiveness was available for the following interventions: impregnated bed nets for pregnant women, subsidised refugee healthcare, female community health workers, and tiered community reproductive health services.Conclusions The limited evidence base for SRH interventions highlights the need for improved research on the effectiveness of public health interventions in humanitarian crises. While interventions proven efficacious in stable settings are being used in humanitarian efforts, more evidence is required to demonstrate the effectiveness of delivering and scaling-up such interventions in humanitarian crises