5,914 research outputs found
A General Approach of Quasi-Exactly Solvable Schroedinger Equations with Three Known Eigenstates
We propose a general method for constructing quasi-exactly solvable
potentials with three analytic eigenstates. These potentials can be real or
complex functions but the spectrum is real. A comparison with other methods is
also performed
Calculations of Energy Losses due to Atomic Processes in Tokamaks with Applications to the ITER Divertor
Reduction of the peak heat loads on the plasma facing components is essential
for the success of the next generation of high fusion power tokamaks such as
the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) 1 . Many present
concepts for accomplishing this involve the use of atomic processes to transfer
the heat from the plasma to the main chamber and divertor chamber walls and
much of the experimental and theoretical physics research in the fusion program
is directed toward this issue. The results of these experiments and
calculations are the result of a complex interplay of many processes. In order
to identify the key features of these experiments and calculations and the
relative role of the primary atomic processes, simple quasi-analytic models and
the latest atomic physics rate coefficients and cross sections have been used
to assess the relative roles of central radiation losses through
bremsstrahlung, impurity radiation losses from the plasma edge, charge exchange
and hydrogen radiation losses from the scrape-off layer and divertor plasma and
impurity radiation losses from the divertor plasma. This anaysis indicates that
bremsstrahlung from the plasma center and impurity radiation from the plasma
edge and divertor plasma can each play a significant role in reducing the power
to the divertor plates, and identifies many of the factors which determine the
relative role of each process. For instance, for radiation losses in the
divertor to be large enough to radiate the power in the divertor for high power
experiments, a neutral fraction of 10-3 to 10-2 and an impurity recycling rate
of netrecycle of ~ 10^16 s m^-3 will be required in the divertor.Comment: Preprint for the 1994 APSDPP meeting, uuencoded and gzipped
postscript with 22 figures, 40 pages
A generalized photon propagator
A covariant gauge independent derivation of the generalized dispersion
relation of electromagnetic waves in a medium with local and linear
constitutive law is presented. A generalized photon propagator is derived. For
Maxwell constitutive tensor, the standard light cone structure and the standard
Feynman propagator are reinstated
Effective Theories for Circuits and Automata
Abstracting an effective theory from a complicated process is central to the
study of complexity. Even when the underlying mechanisms are understood, or at
least measurable, the presence of dissipation and irreversibility in
biological, computational and social systems makes the problem harder. Here we
demonstrate the construction of effective theories in the presence of both
irreversibility and noise, in a dynamical model with underlying feedback. We
use the Krohn-Rhodes theorem to show how the composition of underlying
mechanisms can lead to innovations in the emergent effective theory. We show
how dissipation and irreversibility fundamentally limit the lifetimes of these
emergent structures, even though, on short timescales, the group properties may
be enriched compared to their noiseless counterparts.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure
Infinite families of superintegrable systems separable in subgroup coordinates
A method is presented that makes it possible to embed a subgroup separable
superintegrable system into an infinite family of systems that are integrable
and exactly-solvable. It is shown that in two dimensional Euclidean or
pseudo-Euclidean spaces the method also preserves superintegrability. Two
infinite families of classical and quantum superintegrable systems are obtained
in two-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space whose classical trajectories and
quantum eigenfunctions are investigated. In particular, the wave-functions are
expressed in terms of Laguerre and generalized Bessel polynomials.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure
The Constitutive Relations and the Magnetoelectric Effect for Moving Media
In this paper the constitutive relations for moving media with homogeneous
and isotropic electric and magnetic properties are presented as the connections
between the generalized magnetization-polarization bivector and
the electromagnetic field F. Using the decompositions of F and ,
it is shown how the polarization vector P(x) and the magnetization vector M(x)
depend on E, B and two different velocity vectors, u - the bulk velocity vector
of the medium, and v - the velocity vector of the observers who measure E and B
fields. These constitutive relations with four-dimensional geometric
quantities, which correctly transform under the Lorentz transformations (LT),
are compared with Minkowski's constitutive relations with the 3-vectors and
several essential differences are pointed out. They are caused by the fact
that, contrary to the general opinion, the usual transformations of the
3-vectors , , , , etc. are
not the LT. The physical explanation is presented for the existence of the
magnetoelectric effect in moving media that essentially differs from the
traditional one.Comment: 18 pages, In Ref. [10] here, which corresponds to Ref. [18] in the
published paper in IJMPB, Z. Oziewicz's published paper is added. arXiv admin
note: text overlap with arXiv:1101.329
Persistent detwinning of iron pnictides by small magnetic fields
Our comprehensive study on EuFeAs reveals a dramatic reduction of
magnetic detwinning fields compared to other AFeAs (A = Ba, Sr, Ca)
iron pnictides by indirect magneto-elastic coupling of the Eu ions. We
find that only 0.1T are sufficient for persistent detwinning below the local
Eu ordering; above = 19K, higher fields are necessary.
Even after the field is switched off, a significant imbalance of twin domains
remains constant up to the structural and electronic phase transition (190K).
This persistent detwinning provides the unique possibility to study the low
temperature electronic in-plane anisotropy of iron pnictides without applying
any symmetrybreaking external force.Comment: accepted by Physical Review Letter
An infinite family of superintegrable Hamiltonians with reflection in the plane
We introduce a new infinite class of superintegrable quantum systems in the
plane. Their Hamiltonians involve reflection operators. The associated
Schr\"odinger equations admit separation of variables in polar coordinates and
are exactly solvable. The angular part of the wave function is expressed in
terms of little -1 Jacobi polynomials. The spectra exhibit "accidental"
degeneracies. The superintegrability of the model is proved using the
recurrence relation approach. The (higher-order) constants of motion are
constructed and the structure equations of the symmetry algebra obtained.Comment: 19 page
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