3 research outputs found
Polymorphisms of Genes Involved in Endothelial Dysfunction in the Yakuts with COPD and Metabolic Syndrome
The aim of our research was to study the association of the -675 4G/5G (rs1799889) SNP of the SERPINE1 (PAI-1) gene and the Arg353Gln G>A (rs6046) SNP of the F7 gene with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Yakuts with COPD.
Methods and Results: A molecular-genetic examination was conducted in 200 COPD patients of Yakut ethnicity. The main group (MG) consisted of 100 COPD patients with MetS, the comparison group (CG) included 100 COPD patients without MetS. The distribution of genotypes of studied SNPs was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all cases. Studying the SERPINE1 -675 4G/5G SNP, we found the prevalence of a 4G allele in MG, compared to CG (OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.23–2.74; χ2=9.06, P=0.003). Incidence of the homozygous 4G/4G mutation was rather high in MG, compared to CG (OR=2.35, 95%CI 1.24–4.44; χ2=9.31, P=0.002). According to our data, the presence of MetS in Yakut patients with COPD has been associated with the carrier of the 4G/4G genotype. Studying the F7 Arg353Gln SNP, we found the prevalence of an Arg253 allele in both groups (0.72 in MG and 0.71 in CG; χ2=0.01, P=0.91). The homozygous Gln353/Gln353 mutant genotype was rare in both groups (0.12 in MG and 0.10 in CG; OR=1.23, 95%CI 0.50–2.99; χ2=0.01, P=0.92). In our study, the F7 Arg353Gln SNP was not associated with protection against MetS in COPD patients
Current Antimicrobial Stewardship Practice and Education in Russian Hospitals:Results of a Multicenter Survey
Proper antibiotic usage education and training of medical students and healthcare professionals is the cornerstone to implement antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs worldwide. We conducted this voluntary and anonymous survey on current and preferred educational provision of AMS in Russia. Among 1358 polled respondents from six participating Centers located in geographically remote Federal Districts of Russia, the majority were nurses (52.8%) and doctors (42.0%). Results of the survey demonstrated better coverage of education in AMS on an undergraduate level (57.1%). More than half of respondents in total (52.4%) stated they had not received any postgraduate training. Those 38.4% respondents who received postgraduate teaching in AMS stated that it had been provided substantially by an employing hospital (28.4%) or by a medical university/college (22.3%). According to the conducted survey, the methods of education in AMS in Russian Federation mainly include traditional face-to-face lectures, presentations and provision with clinical guidelines, recommendations and printed materials. The involvement of e-learning and web-based online approaches was lacking. The survey allowed us the identify the key problems associated with training of healthcare workers in this field, in particular the varying availability of under- and postgraduate education in different parts of Russia
Antimicrobial Dispensing Practice in Community Pharmacies in Russia during the COVID-19 Pandemic
COVID-19 has had a significant impact on health care systems, including drug use. The present study aimed to evaluate the patterns of community supply of antimicrobials from community pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic in five cities of Russia. In a cross-sectional study, a random sample of pharmacies reported all episodes of antimicrobials supply during a one-week period. Patterns of supply (age and gender of customer, drug name and formulation, prescription availability, indication, etc.) were analyzed. Altogether, 71 pharmacies took part in the study and 5270 encounters were recorded. In total, 4.2% of visits resulted in supply of more than one antimicrobial agent and 5.2% were for parenteral formulations. The rate of prescription-based purchase in participated cities varied from 40.5 to 99.1%. Systemic antibiotics and antivirals accounted for the majority of supplies (60.5 and 26.3%, respectively). Upper respiratory tract infections were reported as the indication for antimicrobials usage in 36.9% of cases, followed by skin and soft tissue infections (12.1%) and urinary tract infections (8.7%); COVID-19 accounted for 8.4% of all supplies. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, azithromycin and amoxicillin were indicated as the top three antimicrobials purchased for upper respiratory tract infections, and azithromycin, umifenovir and levofloxacin were the top three for COVID-19. In general, a high rate of drugs dispensing without prescription was revealed. Antibiotics for systemic use remained the most common antimicrobials, whereas presumably viral upper respiratory tract infections were the main reason for their purchase. COVID-19 infection itself was responsible for a small proportion of the supply of antimicrobial agents, but systemic antibiotics accounted for more than a half of supplies