The construction of touristic places: conceptual reflection and empirical results on the study of circumpuneña trinational border

El trabajo recupera lasconceptualizaciones procesuales del turismo en torno a la idea de valorizacióny turistificación, para examinar la construcción de lugares turísticos en latriple frontera circumpuneña, en las últimas décadas. El estudio empírico sedesarrolló en base a fuentes primarias y secundarias, y se seleccionaron treslugares de estudio, a saber, San Pedro de Atacama (Chile), Uyuni (Bolivia) yPurmamarca (Argentina). Los tres lugares atravesaron etapas similares en lavalorización turística, aunque cada uno siguió trayectorias diversas en cuantoal entramado de relaciones que establecieron los diferentes sujetos a lo largodel tiempo.Through the concepts of touristification and tourism valorisation, this paper studies the construction of touristic places in Circumpuneña tri-national border, over the last decades. The empirical study was based on primary and secondary sources, and took place in San Pedro de Atacama (Chile), Uyuni (Bolivia) y Purmamarca (Argentina). The three places of study went through similar stages of tourism valorization, although each site showed particular forms of relations between subjects over time.Fil: Porcaro, Tania. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografía "Romualdo Ardissone"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Construcción de lugares turísticos. Reflexiones conceptuales y avances empíricos en el estudio de la Triple Frontera Circumpuneña

El trabajo recupera las conceptualizaciones procesuales del turismo en torno a la idea de valorización y turistificación, para examinar la construcción de lugares turísticos en la triple frontera circumpuneña, en las últimas décadas. El estudio empírico se desarrolló en base a fuentes primarias y secundarias, y se seleccionaron tres lugares de estudio, a saber, San Pedro de Atacama (Chile), Uyuni (Bolivia) y Purmamarca (Argentina). Los tres lugares atravesaron etapas similares en la valorización turística, aunque cada uno siguió trayectorias diversas en cuanto al entramado de relaciones que establecieron los diferentes sujetos a lo largo del tiemp

Trails of tourism on the circumpuneña trinational border

Los caminos que recorren lasfronteras han vinculado de diferentes formas a pobladores, viajeros y lugares auno y otro lado de los límites internacionales. Las modalidades, velocidades,estrategias, motivaciones y obstáculos han variado a lo largo del tiempo,acompañando los vaivenes de los entramados culturales, políticos y económicosque los fueron modelando. Los caminos son pensados, entonces, no como medios deacceso a los lugares, sino como construcciones socio-históricas delineadas através de relaciones entre sujetos a diferentes escalas. En tanto formas noacabadas y en permanente transformación, los caminos son hoy valorizados,resignificados y reconstruidos por las prácticas turísticas. El objetivo esrecomponer la conformación de caminos turísticos en relación con los procesosde valorización que se desplegaron en las últimas tres décadas en la triplefrontera circumpuneña. Estos caminos tienen en común el hecho de sertransfronterizos, es decir que atraviesan un límite internacional. Sin embargo,cada uno de ellos ha experimentado procesos diferentes y asume característicasparticulares. De esta forma, los caminos proponen diferentes formas de ver,fotografiar, experimentar, narrar y (re)construir la frontera.Trails on borderlands have linked inhabitants, travellers and towns across international boundaries. Over the years, they are transformed regarding modalities, speeds, strategies, motivations and barriers, in relation to changes in cultural, political and economic forces that shaped them. Trails are not thought as means of access, but rather as socio-historical constructions, shaped by and shapers of relationships among people at different scales. Trails, assumed as unfinished constructions and constantly transformed, are nowadays valued, resignified and rebuilt through tourist practices. The aim of this article is to reconstitute the processes of constructing tourist trails in relation to the valorization of the ‘circupuneña’ trinational border, which took place over the last three decades. The objects of study are cross-border trails, that is, they go beyond international boundaries. Nevertheless, each trail was built through different processes and has particular features. Thus, each trail proposes different ways of seeing, photographing, experiencing and (re)constructing borders.Fil: Porcaro, Tania. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografía "Romualdo Ardissone"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Los caminos del turismo en la triple frontera circumpuneña

Trails on borderlands have linked inhabitants, travellers and towns across international boundaries. Over the years, they are transformed regarding modalities, speeds, strategies, motivations and barriers, in relation to changes in cultural, political and economic forces that shaped them. Trails are not thought as means of access, but rather as socio-historical constructions, shaped by and shapers of relationships among people at different scales. Trails, assumed as unfinished constructions and constantly transformed, are nowadays valued, resignified and rebuilt through tourist practices. The aim of this article is to reconstitute the processes of constructing tourist trails in relation to the valorization of the ‘circupuneña’ trinational border, which took place over the last three decades. The objects of study are cross-border trails, that is, they go beyond international boundaries. Nevertheless, each trail was built through different processes and has particular features. Thus, each trail proposes different ways of seeing, photographing, experiencing and (re)constructing borders. Los caminos que recorren las fronteras han vinculado de diferentes formas a pobladores, viajeros y lugares a uno y otro lado de los límites internacionales. Las modalidades, velocidades, estrategias, motivaciones y obstáculos han variado a lo largo del tiempo, acompañando los vaivenes de los entramados culturales, políticos y económicos que los fueron modelando. Los caminos son pensados, entonces, no como medios de acceso a los lugares, sino como construcciones socio-históricas delineadas a través de relaciones entre sujetos a diferentes escalas. En tanto formas no acabadas y en permanente transformación, los caminos son hoy valorizados, resignificados y reconstruidos por las prácticas turísticas. El objetivo es recomponer la conformación de caminos turísticos en relación con los procesos de valorización que se desplegaron en las últimas tres décadas en la triple frontera circumpuneña. Estos caminos tienen en común el hecho de ser transfronterizos, es decir que atraviesan un límite internacional. Sin embargo, cada uno de ellos ha experimentado procesos diferentes y asume características particulares. De este modo, los caminos proponen diferentes formas de ver, fotografiar, experimentar, narrar y (re)construir la frontera.

Trails of tourism on the circumpuneña trinational border

Los caminos que recorren lasfronteras han vinculado de diferentes formas a pobladores, viajeros y lugares auno y otro lado de los límites internacionales. Las modalidades, velocidades,estrategias, motivaciones y obstáculos han variado a lo largo del tiempo,acompañando los vaivenes de los entramados culturales, políticos y económicosque los fueron modelando. Los caminos son pensados, entonces, no como medios deacceso a los lugares, sino como construcciones socio-históricas delineadas através de relaciones entre sujetos a diferentes escalas. En tanto formas noacabadas y en permanente transformación, los caminos son hoy valorizados,resignificados y reconstruidos por las prácticas turísticas. El objetivo esrecomponer la conformación de caminos turísticos en relación con los procesosde valorización que se desplegaron en las últimas tres décadas en la triplefrontera circumpuneña. Estos caminos tienen en común el hecho de sertransfronterizos, es decir que atraviesan un límite internacional. Sin embargo,cada uno de ellos ha experimentado procesos diferentes y asume característicasparticulares. De esta forma, los caminos proponen diferentes formas de ver,fotografiar, experimentar, narrar y (re)construir la frontera.Trails on borderlands have linked inhabitants, travellers and towns across international boundaries. Over the years, they are transformed regarding modalities, speeds, strategies, motivations and barriers, in relation to changes in cultural, political and economic forces that shaped them. Trails are not thought as means of access, but rather as socio-historical constructions, shaped by and shapers of relationships among people at different scales. Trails, assumed as unfinished constructions and constantly transformed, are nowadays valued, resignified and rebuilt through tourist practices. The aim of this article is to reconstitute the processes of constructing tourist trails in relation to the valorization of the ‘circupuneña’ trinational border, which took place over the last three decades. The objects of study are cross-border trails, that is, they go beyond international boundaries. Nevertheless, each trail was built through different processes and has particular features. Thus, each trail proposes different ways of seeing, photographing, experiencing and (re)constructing borders.Fil: Porcaro, Tania. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografía "Romualdo Ardissone"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Integration and production of transboundary spaciality: A study of tourism in Circumpuna

Este artículo propone analizar las iniciativas de integración transfronteriza que emergieron de la valorización turística de la Circumpuna (Argentina, Bolivia y Chile) en las últimas dos décadas. La integración fue liderada por un conjunto heterogéneo de actores locales y subnacionales, a través de la cual buscaron incidir en las prácticas turísticas vigentes. El trabajo se centra en la dimensión espacial de la integración transfronteriza, interrogando acerca del modo en que este proceso crea, refuerza o transforma centralidades y periferias.Se realizó un análisis cualitativo del contenido de diversas fuentes documentales, las cuales fueron complementadas con entrevistas a informantes clave, referentes de las diferentes iniciativas de integración. Se muestra que la integración turística posiciona a la frontera como recurso y espacio de oportunidades para diferentes actores, quienes buscan controlar los flujos turísticos y captar parte de sus beneficios económicos. La integración transfronteriza tensiona con las construcciones estado-céntricas que aún modelan las fronteras nacionales, pero también delinea una disputa entre las diferentes integraciones posibles, creando nuevas fragmentaciones y diferenciaciones.This article proposes an analyzes of the transboundary integration initiatives that emerged from the appraisal of tourism in the Circumpuna sector (Argentina, Bolivia and Chile) in the last two decades. The process of integration was led by a heterogeneous set of local and sub-national stakeholders, who sought to influence current tourism practices. The work focuses on the spatial dimension of transboundary integration, questioning the way in which this process creates, reinforces or transforms centralities and peripheries. A qualitative analysis of the content of various documentary sources was carried out, which were complemented with interviews with key informants, who are representative of the different integration initiatives. It was possible to ascertain that tourist integration positions the border as a resource and space of opportunities for different stakeholders, who seek to control tourist flows and capture some of the associated economic benefits. However, cross-border integration leads to friction with State-centric constructions that still shape national borders, and also underlines a conflict between the different possible forms of integration, creating new forms of fragmentation and differentiation.Fil: Porcaro, Tania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografía "Romualdo Ardissone"; Argentin

Argentinian frontiers: Contributions to a systematization of their field of studies

El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y examinar los diferentes estudios en torno a la noción de frontera que vienen desarrollándose en la Argentina desde la década de 1980. Para ello se sistematizan los aportes realizados desde distintas disciplinas y campos de conocimiento, como la antropología, la geografía, la historia, las relaciones internacionales y los estudios urbanos y rurales. El trabajo se estructura en cuatro secciones definidas a partir de los tipos de fronteras relevados en la revisión bibliográfica realizada: interétnicas, agrarias, interestatales y urbanas/periurbanas. El artículo concluye la necesidad de profundizar reflexiones que integren los aportes realizados para el estudio de las fronteras, que permitan dinamizar los intercambios teóricos entre disciplinas (así como entre tipos de fronteras analizados) con miras a ampliar tanto el abanico de recursos disponibles para su estudio como sus posibles contextos de aplicación.The purpose of this article is to identify and describe different studies around the notions of frontier and border that academics have been developing in Argentina since the 1980s. For that purpose, we systematized contributions from different disciplines and fields of knowledge, such as anthropology, geography, history, international relations, and urban and rural studies. The article is divided into four sections, based on the four types of studies on frontiers present in the literature: interethnic, agrarian, interstate, and urban/peri-urban. Our conclusions emphasize the need to increase the attention of research on the integration of various lines of inquiry centered on the phenomenon of the frontier; such integration will allow for an interdisciplinary interchange where individual fields could share theories, types of frontier as an object of study, research tools, and possible contexts of application.Fil: Salizzi, Esteban Hernán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografía "Romualdo Ardissone"; ArgentinaFil: Rascovan, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Porcaro, Tania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Geografía "Romualdo Ardissone"; ArgentinaFil: Tommei, Constanza Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Instituto de Arte Americano e Investigación Estéticas "Mario Buschiazzo"; ArgentinaFil: Ghilardi, Matias Roman. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Estudios Históricos, Económicos, Sociales e Internacionales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Estudios Sociales Contemporáneos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentin

Prostate volume index and prostatic chronic inflammation have an effect on tumor load at baseline random biopsies in patients with normal DRE and PSA values less than 10\u2009ng/ml: results of 564 consecutive cases

Background: To assess the association of prostate volume index (PVI), defined as the ratio of the central transition zone volume (CTZV) to the peripheral zone volume (PZV), and prostatic chronic inflammation (PCI) as predictors of prostate cancer (PCA) load in patients presenting with normal digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <= 10 ng/ml at baseline random biopsies. Methods: Parameters evaluated included age, PSA, total prostate volume (TPV), PSA density (PSAD), PVI and PCI. All patients underwent 14 core transperineal randomized biopsies. We considered small and high PCA load patients with no more than three (limited tumor load) and greater than three (extensive tumor load) positive biopsy cores, respectively. The association of factors with the risk of PCA was evaluated by logistic regression analysis, utilizing different multivariate models. Results: 564 Caucasian patients were included. PCA and PCI were detected in 242 (42.9%) and 129 (22.9%) cases, respectively. On multivariate analysis, PVI and PCI were independent predictors of the risk of detecting limited or extensive tumor load. The risk of detecting extensive tumor load at baseline biopsies was increased by PSAD above the median and third quartile as well as PVI <= 1 [odds ratio (OR)=1.971] but decreased by PCI (OR=0.185; 95% CI: 0.088-0.388). Conclusions: Higher PVI and the presence of PCI predicted decreased PCA risk in patients presenting with normal DRE, and a PSA <= 10 ng/ml at baseline random biopsy. In this subset of patients, a PVI <= or >1 is able to differentiate patients with PCA or PCI

Surgeon volume and body mass index influence positive surgical margin risk after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Results in 732 cases

Objectives: To evaluate clinicopathological and perioperative factors associated with the risk of focal and non-focal positive surgical margins (PSMs) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).Patients and methods: The study was retrospective and excluded patients who were under androgen-deprivation therapy or had prior treatments. The population included: negative SM cases (control group), focal and non-focal PSM cases (study groups). PSMs were classified as focal when the linear extent of cancer invasion was <= 1 mm and non-focal when >1 mm. The independent association of factors with the risk of focal and non-focal PSMs was assessed by multinomial logistic regression.Results: In all, 732 patients underwent RARP, from January 2013 to December 2017. An extended pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in 342 cases (46.7%). In all, 192 cases (26.3%) had PSMs, which were focal in 133 (18.2%) and non-focal in 59 (8.1%). Independent factors associated with the risk of focal PSMs were body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 0.914; P = 0.006), percentage of biopsy positive cores (BPC; OR 1.011; P = 0.015), pathological extracapsular extension (pathological tumour stage [pT]3a; OR 2.064; P = 0.016), and seminal vesicle invasion (pT3b; OR 2.150; P = 0.010). High surgeon volume was a protective factor in having focal PSM (OR 0.574; P = 0.006). Independent predictors of non-focal PSMs were BPC (OR 1,013; P = 0,044), pT3a (OR 4,832; P < 0.001), and pT3b (OR 5,153; P = 0.001).Conclusions: In high-volume centres features related to host, tumour and surgeon volume are factors that predict the risk of focal and non-focal PSMs after RARP

High surgeon volume and positive surgical margins can predict the risk of biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether any clinical factors are independent predictors of positive surgical margins (PSM), and to assess the association of PSM and biochemical recurrence (BR) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: The population included cases with negative surgical margins (control group) and patients with PSM (study group). Tumor grade was evaluated according to the International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) system. A logistic regression model assessed the independent association of factors with the risk of PSM. The risk of BR was assessed by Cox\u2019s multivariate proportional hazards. Results: A total of 732 consecutive patients were evaluated. Extend pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) was performed in 342 cases (46.7%). Overall, 192 cases (26.3%) had PSM. The risk of PSM was positively associated with the percentage of biopsy positive cores (BPC; odds ratio, OR = 1.012; p = 0.004), extracapsular extension (pT3a; OR=2.702; p < 0.0001), invasion of seminal vesicle (pT3b; OR = 2.889; p < 0.0001), but inversely with body mass index (OR = 0.936; p = 0.021), and high surgeon volume (OR = 0.607; p = 0.006). Independent clinical factors associated with the risk of BR were baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA; hazard ratio, HR = 1.064; p = 0.004), BPC (HR = 1.015; p = 0.027), ISUP biopsy grade group (BGG) 2/3 (HR = 2.966; p = 0.003), and BGG 4/5 (HR = 3.122; p = 0.022). Pathologic factors associated with the risk of BR were ISUP group 4/5 (HR = 3.257; p = 0.001), pT3b (HR = 2.900; p = 0.003), and PSM (HR = 2.096; p = 0.045). Conclusions: In our cohort, features related to host, tumor, and surgeon volume are associated with the risk of PSM, which is also an independent parameter predicting BR after RARP. The surgical volume of the operating surgeon is an independent factor that decreases the risk of PSM, and, as such, the risk of BR