LED-based indoor positioning system using novel optical pixelation technique

At present, about 47 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease (AD), and because there is no treatment currently available to cure AD, people with AD (PWAD) are cared for. The estimated cost of care for PWAD in 2016 alone is about $236 billion, which puts a huge burden on relatives of PWAD. This work aims to reduce this burden by proposing an inexpensive indoor positioning system that can be used to monitor PWAD. For the positioning, freeform lenses are used to enable a novel optically pixeled LED luminaire (OPLL) that focuses beams from LEDs to various parts of a room, thereby creating uniquely identifiable regions which are used to improve positioning accuracy. Monte Carlo simulation with the designed OPLL in a room with dimensions 5m × 5m × 3m is used to compute the positioning error and theoretical analysis and experiments are used to validate the time for positioning. Results show that by appropriate LED beam design, OPLL has a positioning error and time for positioning of 0.735 m and 187 ms which is 55.1% lower and 1.2 times faster than existing multiple LED estimation model proximity systems

Design of improved IR protocol for LED indoor positioning system

In this work, we design an infrared protocol (IRP) for light emitting diode (LED) based indoor positioning. The designed IRP compensates for the shortcomings of other existing protocols when applied to the multiple LED estimation indoor positioning model (MLEM). MLEM uses overlap of LED beams to increase accuracy of positioning. The overlap sets up a multipoint-to-point optical communication channel. The existing protocols which are designed for point-to-point links, when modified to suit the MLEM overlapping region, show a high positioning time between 3 s and 4.5 s. These values are not desirable for real time tracking. A new protocol is therefore designed to reduce the positioning time. The protocol is implemented in an experimental MLEM design using ATmega 328 microcontroller hardware. The experimental results show the new protocol reduces the positioning time to 0.5 s

Re-Appraising Revolution and Change in International Politics: A Case Study of America Revolution 1776, French Revolution 1789 and Russian Revolution 1917

Change and continuity are characteristics of human history. Strategic change in any society has significant impacts that becomes reference points for similar transformation in the near future. Fundamentally, the numerous internal upheavals that characterized North Africa and Middle East that culminated in a change of government in these countries has raised fundamental question about subject of change and revolution. Such questions include: is every change a revolution and does every revolution culminate in a change? What are the distinguishing features of change and the significance of such change for contemporary international politics? Using secondary data derived from books, and journals, the paper therefore examines the revolution and change in international politics drawing from historical examples of America and France Revolution. Also, noting the causes and implications of these of revolution on International Relations. It also seeks to distinguish between socio-political upheaval and internal disruptions that may culminate in change from revolution, that is, a vital change that affects institution, structure and value system of a society. The paper recommends a cautious use of the term revolution from change of government

Impact Of Global Climate Change On Women's Health: An Overview

Global climate change is a topical issue in multidisciplinary discourse. Specifically, the vulnerabilities and health risk posed by climate change to the health of women have been a major concern. This paper presents a descriptive analysis, utilizing secondary data, to examine the link between climate change and the health of women. The study finds that climate change affects women more than men. More so, vulnerabilities of women to the numerous life· threatening effects of climate change have been exacerbated by the insensitive nature of most climate change response programmes and policies. The study concludes that solving the health implications of climate change on women goes beyond drafting a special protocol or framework protecting women. Rather, there is need for collective effort of all concerned to act responsibly towards the environment. Therefore, the study recommends among others, the need to create knowledge based jobs for women as a way of ameliorating the impact of climate change on the health of women

Fluid Mechanics Analysis of a Voice Coil Needle Free Jet Injector

This paper considers the analytic modelling of the voice coil actuated needle free jet injection. It first investigates the currently existing model for the injection and making some alterations based on the system behavior and basic definitions in physics. These alterations yielded a new set of equations which were solved using the Runge-Kutta-Felberg formular. Second order, forth order and fifth order curve fitting of the numerical model were performed in order to develop a polynomial that gives the direct non-differential pressure-time relationship for the needle free jet injection (developed, to the best knowledge of the authors, for the first time). This fifth order polynomial presented the least error, measured by the least of the norm of residuals. The model for the voice coil activator was developed by writing force balance equations based on Newton’s second law of motion. The transfer function of the motor was then used to investigate the behavior of the voice coil actuator. Finally, the two systems (voice coil motor and injection) were linked up by setting up an analogous electromechanical system to see the behavior of the voice coil motor in the injection. Where the mechanical parts represent the injection pressure profile. Keywords: Needle Free Jet Injection, Voice coil moto