THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM) GENOTYPES UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

This study follows the behaviour of seven genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cultivated on the sandy soils of Dăbuleni, with the aim of diversifying the range of plants tolerant to climatic factors in southern Oltenia. Observation of vegetative characteristics such as plant height, number of sympodia, number of flowers in the first decade of flowering and quantitative characteristics such as boll weight, fibre weight, seed weight and number of seeds / plant were the object of the study. Research on cotton plant development was correlated with climatic data recorded by the weather station of Dăbuleni RDSPCS, during the growing season from plant sowing in the field to boll formation. Following the study and showing positive results, The Beli-Lom genotype stood out in terms of flowering yield and fibre percentage, and the Cirpan-539 and Beli-Iskar genotypes had positive vegetative growth yield

THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME MONOECIOUS HEMP VARIETIES (FOR FIBER AND MIXTE) UNDER THE CENTER OF MOLDAVIA ECOPEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS

The present paper presents the results obtained regarding the evolution of stem and fiber production in monoecious hemp, under the pedoclimatic conditions of the Center of Moldova, between 2012 and 2016. The biological material used was represented by four monoecious hemp varieties created at S.C.D.A. Secuieni, respectively, Denise, Diana, Dacia – Secuieni and Ratza. The stems yields achieved, have varied widely, ranging from 7860 kg/ha at Denise variety, in 2016 (a very warm agricultural year from the thermal point of view and rainy from the pluviometric point of view), and 15167 kg/ha, at Dacia - Secuieni in 2014 (a normal agricultural year both from the thermal and pluviometric point of view). On average, during the five years studied, the highest production of fiber was obtained in the Dacia-Secuieni variety in 2014, of 5005 kg/ha, and the lowest of 2279 kg/ha at Denise variety in 2016

THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME MONOECIOUS HEMP VARIETIES (FOR FIBER AND MIXTE) UNDER THE CENTER OF MOLDAVIA ECOPEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS

The present paper presents the results obtained regarding the evolution of stem and fiber production in monoecious hemp, under the pedoclimatic conditions of the Center of Moldova, between 2012 and 2016. The biological material used was represented by four monoecious hemp varieties created at S.C.D.A. Secuieni, respectively, Denise, Diana, Dacia – Secuieni and Ratza. The stems yields achieved, have varied widely, ranging from 7860 kg/ha at Denise variety, in 2016 (a very warm agricultural year from the thermal point of view and rainy from the pluviometric point of view), and 15167 kg/ha, at Dacia - Secuieni in 2014 (a normal agricultural year both from the thermal and pluviometric point of view). On average, during the five years studied, the highest production of fiber was obtained in the Dacia-Secuieni variety in 2014, of 5005 kg/ha, and the lowest of 2279 kg/ha at Denise variety in 2016

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RYE CULTIVATED IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important crop in Europe, where it occupies about 90% of the world's area cultivated with this cereal (FAOSTAT, 2018), mainly in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The main research highlights the mechanisms of adaptation of rye culture to climate change, aimed at identifying genotypes that have a good behavior in culture under conditions of abiotic (thermohydric) and biotic stress (pathogens and pests) in order of restoring the production capacity and protection of agroecosystems in the area of sandy soils by promoting in culture some genotypes tolerant to thermohydric stress. In the two experimented years of 2020 and 2021 the obtained results prove the new genotypes promoted on the market had a higher capacity of production than the Control (Suceveana variety), with an average yield of over 4555 kg/ha registered at Serafino genotype in the conditions of a sandy soil with a low natural fertility, poorly supplied with total nitrogen (0.05-0.07%). In average, during the tested years, the attack frequencies of pests manifested in the comparative rye culture, as well as the attack intensities did not show significant differences from one variety to another, significant differences compared to the control variety (Suceveana) being observed only in the case of Serafino variety.

Research on the main productivity features in an assortment of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) in the environmental conditions from NE Romania

This paper presents an assessment of the main features of productivity in an assortment of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.), in the conditions from Northeastern Romania. The research was carried out during 2012 and 2013 years, on a number of 10 populations of runner bean, collected from the United Kingdom, Iași, Bacău, Suceava, Vaslui, Galați and Botoșani counties. The following yield features were determined: vigour of the plant, the number of branches / plant, the pod size, the seed size, the number of seeds / pod, number of seeds / plant, weight of 1000 grains (MMB), yield measured per plant and per unit of area (ha). The plants were voluble in all local populations of runner bean and the size was over 2 m. The plant vigour, at the whole range was medium to large. A special feature is that the color of flowers is correlated with the color of seeds: the plants with white flowers have white seeds and the plants with red flowers had violet + black seeds; the plants with red flowers and white wings had beige seeds with a brown design. The vegetation period varied between 130 and 140 days to the entire range of runner bean. The earliest population was Coccineus 2, with a period of 106 – 113 days, from sunrise to seed maturation. A thousand grain weight (MMB) ranged from 1115 g (Coccineus 2) and 1310 g (Coccineus 4), with an average of 1207,1 g. The evaluated seed yields ranged from 1735,2 k

GENETIC AND CHEMICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGE RYE LEAF RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA F.SP. SECALIS) IN NATURAL CONDITIONS FROM MARGINAL AREAS

Pathogens and pests are predicted to spread to areas where they were previously irrelevant due to climate change and human-induced changes, posing new management issues for crops, especially in cropping systems based on minimal cereal crop diversification. In temperate areas of Central and Eastern Europe, rye (Secale cereale) is a minor cereal that contributes to crops diversification particularly in marginal situations where soil and climate are unfavorable for wheat production. During 2021-2022 growing season, a plant–pest-pathogen interaction profile was observed on four rye genotypes (Binnto, Inspector, Serafino, Suceveana) and also was observed the effect of different chemical and biological pesticide formulations on rye leaf rust in a randomized complete block design with three replications in dry area from Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni in South of Romania. Among all evaluated rye genotypes the greatest resistance was noticed in Serafino that recorded the lowest AUDPC value (51,76), while the most susceptible was Suceveana genotype with AUDPC = 279,55.  The best protection against leaf rust was provided by Poliversum (the 1st assessment – attack degree = 3,23%; the 2nd assessment – attack degree = 7,56%). Negative and significant correlation of leaf rust attack degrees with grain yield (r =-0,9393***) were found during 2021-2022 cropping season

Researches regarding the measures applied for reducing the weeds infestation at seed hemp crops under the condition of Central of Moldova

The hemp is one of the crops susceptible at weed infestation, weed appearance in the first vegetations phenophases lead at compromising the crop. Chemical intervention through herbicide application represents one method to control the weed appearance and spreading over the seed hemp crop. In this moment for seed hemp crop there is a limited range of approved herbicides. At A.R.D.S. Secuieni Neamț, for controling the weeds from seed hemp crop were experimentated a series of herbicides with different active substance to assess the product selectivity for the crop plant and efficacy under the climatic conditions of the years 2018 - 2019. During two years, the weeds identified from hemp crop was composed from 13 species, 11 from Dicotyledonate class and two from Monocotyledonate class. From Dicotyledonate class, the weed species which recorded the highest average density were Atriplex patula with 21.50 specimens /sqm and Polygonum persicaria with 15.05 specimens/sqm. Setaria glauca, the most representative species from Monocotyledons class recorded an average density of 5.88 specimens/sqm. By the weeds number/sqm, the species from Dicotyledonate class register a 89.20% share meaning a average density of 53.59 specimens/sqm and from the Monocotyledons class belong 6.49 specimens/sqm representing a share of 10.80% from the all the specimens identified. From all the 12 herbicides experimentated, two were applyed in preemergence and the rest of herbicides were applied to control the weeds after plant emergence. Regarding the hemp plant selectivity, the commercial products Lentagran 45 WP, Galera Super and Challenge 600 provoked different symptoms of phytotoxicity, but the hemp recovered after 30 days from applying the herbicides. The weeds control highest efficacy was obtained at the variant treated with Challenge 600 and it was 72%. For the herbicides Stratos Ultra, Fusilade Forte, Frontier Forte, Lontrel 300, Leopard Super și Select Super the efficacy had values between 62 and 67%

The behavior of some soybean varieties in the pedoclimatic conditions from the Center of Moldavia

Soybeans is an important source of protein because the amount of protein in a hectare of soybeans is higher than in any other crop. It has a wide range of uses, and it can be used in many areas: for food production, for food and as fuel. Considering the growing interest, in recent years, for this crop, at the ARDS Secuieni a number of ten soybean varieties have been experimented, Carla TD, Larisa, Caro TD, Ilinca TD, Bia TD, Ada TD, Teo TD, Miruna TD, Felicia TD, Onix, creations of the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, in order to establish their adaptability to the pedoclimatic conditions of the area. On average, the factors studied greatly influenced soybean production, which varied widely, from 2687 kg/ha, to Felicia TD variety to 3409 kg/ha to Larisa variety. Regarding the correlation between soybean production and the protein production obtained, it is observed that there is a direct correlation, the correlation coefficients calculated being statistically assured and interpreted as very significant

Influenţa aplicării unor fertilizanţi diferiţi asupra producţiei de păstăi la trei cultivare de fasole pitică

The paper aim is to evaluate the production capacity of three varieties of dwarf bean -Ferrari, Rocquencourt and Maxidor (C) -under different fertilization conditions: organic-Orgevit-600 kg/ha, chemical-50 kg/ha, with microorganisms-50 kg/ha and the non-fertilized control variant. The experiment was established in the Experimental Field of Vegetable Growing, the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, in the 2016-2017 period. The crop was set up by direct sowing in the field, in three-rows bands, the distance between the bands being 60 cm and between the rows 45 cm. Plant spacing was set at 5 cm, resulting in a density of about 400 thousand plants/ha. The experimental results, under the above mentioned conditions, demonstrate the usefulness of the fertilization of the dwarf bean culture for the pods, the highest yield being obtained by applying chemical and microorganisms fertilizatio