Histological study of Acipenser persicus alimentary canal during early life stages

Histological study of alimentary canal of Persian sturgeon was conducted during early life from hatching to 56 days old by light microscope. Some hours after hatching, in anterior part, rudimentary eye and brain were visible, also in posterior part was completely filled with acidophil yolk. Mouth and anal were not clear. In 5-7 days after hatching all parts of the alimentary canal except stomach were roughly anatomically complete, as though in comparison with the hatching time the amount of acidophil yolk was less. At this stage, mouth was covered by stratified squamous epithelium in which several number of tast buds were visible and also rudimentary part of esophagus was squamous to pseudostratified columnar epithelium and in terminal part was columnar to ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. In 8-9 days after hatching, the alimentary canal was structurally complete and two parts of stomach i.e. glandular stomach (cardia) and non-glandular stomach (pyloric) were more clear. The glandular stomach epithelium was simple columnar to ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, while pyloric stomach had simple columnar to pseudostratified columnar epithelium. In 9 days after hatching, external food with a lot of yolk were visible in alimentary canal, which indicates endo-exogenous feeding. In I I-12 days after hatching a lot of external food i.e. daphnia were visible in alimentary canal .In 14 days after hatching pyloric caeca was appeared and in 40 days conical teeth was observed. In the primitive stages of life, the glycoprotein secretions belong to simple columnar cells (interior part of esophagus &some parts of intestine), while through age increase, these secretions belong to apical cells of simple columnar and also goblet cells. The beginning of active feeding of Persian sturgeon larvae was occurred in 9 to 11 days after hatching. Following the development, there was no special alternation except thickness increase of epithelium, muscular layer, connective tissue of lamina propria and increase of epithelial folds of intestine

The effect of low level laser on condylar growth during mandibular advancement in rabbits

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>It has been shown that Low Level Laser (LLL) has a positive effect on bone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser on condylar growth during mandibular advancement in rabbits.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Continuous forward mandibular advancement was performed in fourteen male Albino rabbits with the mean age of 8 weeks and the mean weight of 1.5 ± 0.5 kg, with acrylic inclined planes. The rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups after 4 weeks. LLL (KLO3: wave length 630 nm) was irradiated at 3 points around the TMJ, through the skin in the first group. The exposure was performed for 3 minutes at each point (a total of 9 minutes) once a day for 3 weeks. The control group was not exposed to any irradiation. The rabbits in both groups were sacrificed after two months and the histological evaluation of TMJ was performed to compare fibrous tissue, cartilage, and new bone formation in condylar region in both groups. Disc displacement was also detected in both groups. Student's t-test, Exact Fisher and Chi square tests were used for the statistical analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The formation of fibrous tissue was significantly lower, while bone formation was significantly greater in lased group as compared with control group. The thickness of cartilage did not differ significantly between two groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Irradiation of LLL (KLO3) during mandibular advancement in rabbits, increases bone formation in condylar region, while neither increase in the cartilage thickness nor fibrous tissues was observed.</p

Inhibition of histaminergic receptors in rat jejunum by Indacrinone

Indacrinone is a loop diuretic which also has uricosuric, kaliuretic, saliuretic and natriuretic effects. Since it has been reported that this drug has several actions in different organs, we decided to evaluate its mechanism of action on the rat jejunum smooth muscle. After preparation of the tissues, different concentrations of indacrinone were applied. Doses of 8.2&amp;times;10^-6 M, 2.7&amp;times;10^-5 M, 8.2&amp;times;10^-5 M and 2.7&amp;times;10^-4 M were all effective in a dose dependent manner to relax the muscle. Increase in the drug concentration resulted in much faster reduction in twitch amplitude. The jejunum is innervated by adernergic, cholinergic, serotonergic and histaminergic systems. To find the mechanism of action of indacrinone in rat jejunum, experiments were conducted by appropriate receptor agonists and antagonists of the above systems. There was a marked increase in muscle contraction tone and ampliture by the use of histamine, while indacrinone prevented the increase induced by histamine. It was concluded that indacrinone may be a competitive antagonist for histamin receptors in rat jejunum muscle

Targeted inhibition of renal Rho kinase reduces macrophage infiltration and lymphangiogenesis in acute renal allograft rejection

The Rho kinase pathway plays an important role in epithelial dedifferentiation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Recent studies suggest that inflammation promotes lymphangiogenesis, which has been associated with renal allograft rejection. We investigated whether targeted inhibition of the Rho kinase pathway in proximal tubular cells reduces inflammation and lymphangiogenesis in acute renal allograft rejection. The Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 was coupled to lysozyme (Y27632-lysozyme), providing a kidney-specific conjugate that can release its drug in proximal tubular cells. Isogenic (Fisher-Fisher, n=18), or allogenic (Fisher-Lewis, n=24) kidney transplantations were performed, with the contralateral kidney remaining in situ. To elicit acute rejection, no immunosuppressive treatment was given. Animals were treated daily with Y27632-lysozyme (10 mg/kg/day i.v.) or vehicle (saline i.v.) until sacrifice (1 or 4 days post-transplantation). After allogenic transplantation, interstitial macrophage accumulation was strongly reduced by Y27632-lysozyme at day 4 after transplantation. Interstitial lymphangiogenesis, which was induced in allografts as compared to control kidney, was also reduced by renal Rho kinase inhibition at day 4 after transplantation. The increase of vimentin and procollagen-1alpha1 gene expression in renal allografts from day 1 to day 4 after transplantation was significantly reduced by Y27632-lysozyme. Y27632-lysozyme did not affect systolic blood pressure in isogenic or allogenic transplantation groups. In cultured tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E), Rho kinase inhibition dose-dependently reduced IL-1β-induced MCP-1 gene expression. Renal inhibition of Rho kinase causes a marked reduction in renal inflammation and renal lymphangiogenesis during acute transplant rejection, suggesting that this treatment regimen is a valuable future treatment in renal transplantation