Complete Genome and Phylogeny of Puumala Hantavirus Isolates Circulating in France

Puumala virus (PUUV) is the agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe. NE incidence presents a high spatial variation throughout France, while the geographical distribution of the wild reservoir of PUUV, the bank vole, is rather continuous. A missing piece of the puzzle is the current distribution and the genetic variation of PUUV in France, which has been overlooked until now and remains poorly understood. During a population survey, from 2008 to 2011, bank voles were trapped in eight different forests of France located in areas known to be endemic for NE or in area from where no NE case has been reported until now. Bank voles were tested for immunoglobulin (Ig)G ELISA serology and two seropositive animals for each of three different areas (Ardennes, Jura and Orleans) were then subjected to laboratory analyses in order to sequence the whole S, M and L segments of PUUV. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that French PUUV isolates globally belong to the central European (CE) lineage although isolates from Ardennes are clearly distinct from those in Jura and Orleans, suggesting a different evolutionary history and origin of PUUV introduction in France. Sequence analyses revealed specific amino acid signatures along the N protein, including in PUUV from the Orleans region from where NE in humans has never been reported. The relevance of these mutations in term of pathophysiology is discussed.Peer reviewe

Coexistence of two sympatric cryptic bat species in French Guiana: insights from genetic, acoustic and ecological data

International audienceBackground: The distinction between lineages of neotropical bats from the Pteronotus parnellii species complex has been previously made according to mitochondrial DNA, and especially morphology and acoustics, in order to separate them into two species. In these studies, either sample sizes were too low when genetic and acoustic or morphological data were gathered on the same individuals, or genetic and other data were collected on different individuals. In this study, we intensively sampled bats in 4 caves and combined all approaches in order to analyse genetic, morphologic, and acoustic divergence between these lineages that live in the same caves in French Guiana

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Qualifier la finance internationale : l’expérience pionnière des Euromarchés (1958-1965)

International audienc

Framing International Finance and its Regulation - The Pioneering Experience of the Euromarkets

International audienc

The Euromarket's Genesis

La thèse esquisse une sociogenèse de la régulation des Euromarchés dans les années 1960 et 1970. Elle cherche à expliquer pourquoi des transactions financières dont le développement remet en cause la souveraineté monétaire des Etats sont instituées en tant que marché international. Les Euromarchés sont un marché international de crédit en devises étrangères qui se constitue des années 1960 aux années 1980 et qui incarne pour les acteurs de l’époque l’internationalisation de la finance et l’émergence d’un nouvel ordre financier mondial. La thèse cherche à expliciter les différentes modalités de régulation des Euromarchés en s’appuyant sur les acteurs et les moments clefs qui ont abouti aux partages régulatoires du marché et à sa qualification. Elle couvre une vingtaine d’années et explicite le travail de frontières mené par les principaux acteurs de la régulation des Euromarchés en identifiant trois temps forts dans la régulation du marché et des activités financières internationales. Elle montre que ces temps forts aboutissent à la redéfinition des frontières souveraines financières, à l’institutionnalisation des Euromarchés offshore ainsi qu’à la reconfiguration des relations régulatoires entre les acteurs publics et privés de la finance internationale.The thesis outlines a sociogenesis of the regulation of Euromarkets in the 1960s and 1970s. It seeks to explain why financial transactions whose development calls into question the monetary sovereignty of States are instituted as an international market. The Euromarkets are an international market for credit in foreign currencies which embodied the internationalization of finance and the emergence of a new financial order. The thesis seeks to highlight the different modalities of regulation of the market by identifying the key players and moments that led to its qualification as a market. It covers about twenty years and identifies three highlights: 1) the redefinition of sovereign financial borders, 2) the institutionalization of the Euromarkets offshore, 3) the reconfiguration of regulatory relations between public and private actors in international finance

La genèse des Euromarchés

The thesis outlines a sociogenesis of the regulation of Euromarkets in the 1960s and 1970s. It seeks to explain why financial transactions whose development calls into question the monetary sovereignty of States are instituted as an international market. The Euromarkets are an international market for credit in foreign currencies which embodied the internationalization of finance and the emergence of a new financial order. The thesis seeks to highlight the different modalities of regulation of the market by identifying the key players and moments that led to its qualification as a market. It covers about twenty years and identifies three highlights: 1) the redefinition of sovereign financial borders, 2) the institutionalization of the Euromarkets offshore, 3) the reconfiguration of regulatory relations between public and private actors in international finance.La thèse esquisse une sociogenèse de la régulation des Euromarchés dans les années 1960 et 1970. Elle cherche à expliquer pourquoi des transactions financières dont le développement remet en cause la souveraineté monétaire des Etats sont instituées en tant que marché international. Les Euromarchés sont un marché international de crédit en devises étrangères qui se constitue des années 1960 aux années 1980 et qui incarne pour les acteurs de l’époque l’internationalisation de la finance et l’émergence d’un nouvel ordre financier mondial. La thèse cherche à expliciter les différentes modalités de régulation des Euromarchés en s’appuyant sur les acteurs et les moments clefs qui ont abouti aux partages régulatoires du marché et à sa qualification. Elle couvre une vingtaine d’années et explicite le travail de frontières mené par les principaux acteurs de la régulation des Euromarchés en identifiant trois temps forts dans la régulation du marché et des activités financières internationales. Elle montre que ces temps forts aboutissent à la redéfinition des frontières souveraines financières, à l’institutionnalisation des Euromarchés offshore ainsi qu’à la reconfiguration des relations régulatoires entre les acteurs publics et privés de la finance internationale

Mise en oeuvre d'approches pédagogiques fondées sur des pratiques de l'industrie du logiciel pour l'apprentissage de la programmation

International audienceCet article présente un nouveau protocole d’apprentissage de la programmation dans lequel les séquences de travail sont structurées en cycles : d’abord l’étudiant développe individuellement une partie d’un logiciel spécifiée par un ensemble exhaustif de tests automatisés fournis par l’enseignant. Ensuite, afin de favoriser les interactions entre pairs,une ou plusieurs phases de revue de code sont introduites. Ces phases de revue sont orchestrées avec la plate-forme elaastic. L’orchestration du protocole est facilitée grâce à l’outil Git4School qui extrait des métriques d’apprentissage depuis les dépôts git des étudiants et les synthétise sous forme de graphiques permettant un suivi individualisé des étudiants

An individual modelling tool for consecutive clinical mastitis during the same lactation in dairy cows: a method based on a survival model.

The high number of clinical mastitis recurring within the same lactation in dairy cows constitutes one of the factors of overdispersion in standard Poisson models. Our method, based on biological parameters, i.e., recurrence hazard in relation to udder exogenous infection (Rex) or recurrence hazard and rate in relation to endogenous infection (Ren), produced a model capable of integrating a possible change of state in the udder after clinical mastitis. This model was based on a study of the time intervals between successive clinical episodes, both types of risk being considered in the form of a distribution mixture in the survival model. The modelling tool allowed to determine the factors that specifically act on either one of the potential risks and estimated the distribution of the number of clinical mastitis per lactation, as well as the distribution of when mastitis occurs. Estimation results obtained by this method in an experimental herd were compared with those from more classical models with or without random individual effects. The distribution of the number of mastitis per lactation estimated by our method was well-fitted to the data and the method identified variation factors which were relatively standard in this type of study: lactation number, lactation stage and calving month. Prediction results obtained in another experimental herd with more recent data without parameter re-estimation demonstrated the adequacy of the model in fitting observed data. This modelling method based on biological parameters in a mixture of survival distributions was interesting to model clinical mastitis recurring within the same lactation. However in the future it will also be important to integrate the possible relationship between successive lactations and to apply this model to other types of farming systems

Git4School : un tableau de bord pour assister la prise de décisions de l'enseignant lors des cours de génie logiciel

Revue Sciences et Techniques de l'Information et de la Communication pour l'Éducation et la FormationNational audienceThis article presents Git4School, a dashboard for teachers providing visualizations based on data extracted from learners' Git repositories, combined with temporal contextual information. Based on several experiments, we show a good general feeling of learners about using Git in an educational context. We show how Git4School can be useful for identifying weaknesses in learning designs and for targeting their needs for improvement.Cet article présente Git4School, un tableau de bord pour les enseignants offrant des visualisations s'appuyant sur des données extraites des dépôts Git des apprenants, combinées à des informations contextuelles temporelles. Sur la base de plusieurs expérimentations, nous montrons un bon sentiment général des apprenants sur l’utilisation de Git dans un contexte éducatif. De plus, nous montrons comment Git4School peut être utile pour identifier les faiblesses des conceptions des situations d'apprentissage et cibler leur amélioration