Trigger and readout electronics for the STEREO experiment

The STEREO experiment will search for a sterile neutrino by measuring the anti-neutrino energy spectrum as a function of the distance from the source, the ILL nuclear reactor. A dedicated electronic system, hosted in a single microTCA crate, was designed for this experiment. It performs triggering in two stages with various selectable conditions, processing and readout via UDP/IPBUS of 68 photomultiplier signals continuously digitized at 250 MSPS. Additionally, for detector performance monitoring, the electronics allow on-line calibration by driving LED synchronously with the data acquisition. This paper describes the electronics requirements, architecture and the performances achieved.Comment: Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics (TWEPP) 2015, Lisboa. 9 pages, 9 figure

NIKEL_AMC: Readout electronics for the NIKA2 experiment

The New Iram Kid Arrays-2 (NIKA2) instrument has recently been installed at the IRAM 30 m telescope. NIKA2 is a state-of-art instrument dedicated to mm-wave astronomy using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (KID) as sensors. The three arrays installed in the camera, two at 1.25 mm and one at 2.05 mm, feature a total of 3300 KIDs. To instrument these large array of detectors, a specifically designed electronics, composed of 20 readout boards and hosted in three microTCA crates, has been developed. The implemented solution and the achieved performances are presented in this paper. We find that multiplexing factors of up to 400 detectors per board can be achieved with homogeneous performance across boards in real observing conditions, and a factor of more than 3 decrease in volume with respect to previous generations.Comment: 21 pages; 16 figure

ELFE, a database to determine greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions factors from livestock

ELFE, a database to determine greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions factors from livestock. 20. Nitrogen Workshop. Coupling C-N-P-S cycle

Reference procedures for the measurement of gaseous emissions from livestock houses and stores of animal manure.

In the ten years before the EMILI 2012 symposium, gaseous losses from animal farms became increasingly important in the m edia. The paradox of this tendency was the great number of publications, scientific or not, even though the emissions of most animal farms had never been measured. Therefor e, the development of reference tools to measure greenhouse gas and ammonia emissio ns was important. Such tools allow recognition and remuneration of the best pract ices and equipment. Accordingly, ADEME funded an international project associating several research and development organizations involved with the animal production chain. The project proposed an initial set of 18 procedures to measure ammonia and greenho use gas emissions from animal houses and manure stores. These were adapted to the diversity of animal farms found throughout the world. Some methods were compared duri ng a ?building? and a ?liquid manure? experiment. Results showed a high difference among methods (ca. 80%), much higher than the estimated uncertainty. Associat ing independent emission measurements, together with a mass balance of the system, is necessary for the reliability of further results. However, previously published references lack uncertainty estimates of measurements that conform to GUM 2008. In the coming years, this is one of the major concerns for measuring emission factor s. Uncertainty estimates should depend on the measurand (temporal: hourly, per batch, yearly; spatial: animal, house, national) and include the uncertainties associated with system representativity and temporal interpolation.Edited by Mélynda Hassouna and Nadine Guingand

L'optimisation du temps en soins primaires ambulatoires, moyens mis en oeuvre par les médecins généralistes

Contexte : Etant donné le contexte actuel de diminution du temps médical disponible, il nous a paru intéressant de décrire et d analyser le temps de travail selon les différents modes d organisation et le nombre d actes afin de dégager une organisation optimale en terme de temps. - Méthode : Il s agit d une étude descriptive, rétrospective, réalisée de février à septembre 2012 à partir d un questionnaire envoyé par courriel à des médecins généralistes installés en France. 220 questionnaires ont pu être exploités. - Résultats : Notre étude montre que l exercice en groupe est de plus en plus répandu chez les jeunes médecins : moins de 50 ans 54,9% (IC à 95% [45,6-64,2]), plus de 50 ans 45,7% (IC à 95% [36,4-55]). Il permet d avoir une secrétaire dans 76,4% des cas (IC à 95% [68,5-84,3]), un agent d entretien dans 89,1% des cas (IC à 95% [83,3-94,9]), une société spécialisée pour la collecte des déchets dans 85,5% des cas (IC à 95% [78,9-92,1]), un comptable dans 80,9% des cas (IC à 95% [73,6-88,2]). La majorité des médecins exerçant en groupe travaille une demi-journée par semaine en moins (soit 34,5% des médecins en groupe (IC à 95% [25,6-43,4])) par rapport à un cabinet individuel pour une activité annuelle proche (5500 actes contre 5000 en cabinet individuel). - Conclusion : L exercice en groupe semble idéal pour gagner du temps médical. Il optimise le rythme de travail sans modifier le volume d activité. Notre étude suggère d autres pistes pour libérer du temps médical tout en préservant la qualité des soins, notamment le développement de maisons médicales de garde ou pluridisciplinaires, et la délégation de compétences. Des mesures concrètes de la part des pouvoirs publics, encourageant la prévention, contribueraient à terme à mieux utiliser le temps médical global disponible.LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Impact of passenger thermal comfort and electric devices temperature on range: a system simulation approach

The range of Electric Vehicles is highly influenced by the electric power consumed by auxiliaries, a huge part of this power being used for cabin heat-up and cool-down operations in order to ensure an acceptable level of thermal comfort for the passengers. Driving range decreases with low temperatures in particular because cabin heating system requires an important amount of electric power. Range also decreases with high ambient temperatures because of the air conditioning system with electrically-driven compressor. At the same time, batteries and electric motors operates at their maximal efficiency in a certain range of temperature. The reduced EV driving range under real life operating cycles, which can be a barrier against market penetration, is an issue for further development in the future towards sophisticated cabin heating and cooling systems, as well as battery warmer. The aim of this paper is to highlight the benefits of a system simulation approach, based on LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim, in order to estimate the impact of various technologies of cabin heating and cooling on both the cabin temperature and the driving range. In this paper, a battery electric vehicle including a cabin heating with PTC device and a R134a refrigerant loop is simulated under various ambient temperatures on a given driving cycle with the same required cabin temperature target. Simulation outputs include the cabin temperature evolution, the battery state of charge and as a consequence the driving range