Modern problems of tuberculosis in Ukraine

Проведено аналіз захворюваності на туберкульоз у підлітків. Вивчено ранні та явні його прояви. Проаналізовано ефективність сучасної флюорографії та технології введення БЦЖ. Виявлено що позитивна реакція Манту спостерігається у 16 % випадків і переважно у людей з недиференційованим типом мікобактерій. Установлено, що метод масового флюорографічного дослідження населення, який широко застосовується в Україні, визначає не ранні, а застарілі ущільнені (кальциновані) або деструктивні, у вигляді розпаду, форми туберкульозу.Проведен анализ заболеваемости туберкулезом у подростков. Изучены ранние и явные его проявления. Проанализирована эффективность современной флюорографии и технологии введения БЦЖ. Выявлено что положительная реакция Манту наблюдается в 16% случаев и преимущественно у людей с недифференцированным типом микобактерий. Установлено, что метод массового флюорографического исследования населения, широко применяется в Украине, определяет не ранние, а устаревшие уплотнены (кальцинированные) или деструктивные, в виде распада, формы туберкулеза.Analysis of tuberculosis for the teenagers was conducted and the early and manifestative developments of tuberculosis were studied. The effectiveness of modern fluorography and techniques of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) immunisation is analysed. It was found that the positive Mantoux test is observed in 16 % cases and mainly among people with the undifferentiated type of mycobacterium. We suppose that the mass fluorography of people which is obligatory used in Ukraine doesn’t determine early forms but only old indurated (calcinated) or destructive (disintegrated) forms of tuberculosis

Dynamics of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in a double superconducting tunnel junction detector

We study a class of superconductive radiation detectors in which the absorption of energy occurs in a long superconductive strip while the redout stage is provided by superconductive tunnel junctions positioned at the two ends of the strip. Such a device is capable both of imaging and energy resolution. In the established current scheme, well studied from the theoretical and experimental point of view, a fundamental ingredient is considered the presence of traps, or regions adjacent to the junctions made of a superconducting material of lower gap. We reconsider the problem by investigating the dynamics of the radiation induced excess quasiparticles in a simpler device, i.e. one without traps. The nonequilibrium excess quasiparticles can be seen to obey a diffusion equation whose coefficients are discontinuous functions of the position. Based on the analytical solution to this equation, we follow the dynamics of the quasiparticles in the device, predict the signal formation of the detector and discuss the potentiality offered by this configuration.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures Submitted to Superconducting Science and Technolog

Aspects of pulse diagnostics, problems of preparation of human sphygmograms for computer processing

Modern methods of the pulse diagnostics were studied, the rationality of using different methods for pulse diagnostics was evaluated and the features of criteria interpretation of the pulse diagnostics methods and its scientific validation were revealed. The attempt of preparation of the pulse diagnostics data (human sphygmograms) for the further computer processing was made. The efficiency of preliminary results was assessed by the mathematical treatment of the sphygmograms. The attempt of prognostication of the reliability of possible variants of the mathematical treatment for the computer processing was made

Laser-induced diffusion decomposition in Fe-V thin-film alloys

We investigate the origin of ferromagnetism induced in thin-film (similar to 20 nm) Fe-V alloys by their irradiation with subpicosecond laser pulses. We find with Rutherford backscattering that the magnetic modifications follow a thermally stimulated process of diffusion decomposition, with formation of a-few-nm-thick Fe enriched layer inside the film. Surprisingly, similar transformations in the samples were also found after their long-time (similar to 10(3) s) thermal annealing. However, the laser action provides much higher diffusion coefficients (similar to 4 orders of magnitude) than those obtained under standard heat treatments. We get a hint that this ultrafast diffusion decomposition occurs in the metallic glassy state achievable in laser-quenched samples. This vitrification is thought to be a prerequisite for the laser-induced onset of ferromagnetism that we observe. 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Electrical switching of magnetization in a layer of alpha-Fe with a naturally hydroxidized surface

It is well established that electrical methods, such as the application of a high-density (10(10)-10(11) A m(-2)) current, can be employed for the switching of magnetization in thin ferromagnetic films and hetero-structures after their patterning at the nanoscale. We find that magnetization is robustly switchable, i.e., at macroscopic scales (up to a few millimeters in lateral directions), in a single similar to 30 nm-thick layer of alpha-Fe upon discharging a capacitor through the sample. Interestingly, samples sputtered at enhanced base pressures (similar to 10(-6) mbar) exhibited much lower switching thresholds with no bias field, while their electrical conductivity is anomalously high ( higher than that in bulk of alpha-Fe). We argue that the observed enhancement of conduction relates to the mixed oxide/oxyhydroxide (FeO/FeOOH) layer formed naturally on the top of our alpha-Fe films. This provides an explanation for the magnetization switching upon discharging a capacitor in terms of the Oersted field generated by the discharge current. We analyze the ratio needed between the conductions of the FeO/FeOOH layer and the underlying alpha-Fe for the effective action of the Oersted field