A mapping from conceptual graphs to formal concept analysis

A straightforward mapping from Conceptual Graphs (CGs) to Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is presented. It is shown that the benefits of FCA can be added to those of CGs, in, for example, formally reasoning about a system design. In the mapping, a formal attribute in FCA is formed by combining a CG source concept with its relation. The corresponding formal object in FCA is the corresponding CG target concept. It is described how a CG, represented by triples of the form source-concept, relation, target-concept, can be transformed into a set of binary relations of the form (target-concept, source-concept a relation) creating a formal context in FCA. An algorithm for the transformation is presented and for which there is a software implementation. The approach is compared to that of Wille. An example is given of a simple University Transaction Model (TM) scenario that demonstrates how FCA can be applied to CGs, combining the power of each in an integrated and intuitive way

Intensive Rehabilitation in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Our View on the Neuronal Group Selection Theory

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the major forms of developmental disorders. There are different approaches and controversies in rehabilitation treatment. The Neuronal Group Selection theory could provide theoretical explanation for Stoj~evi} Polovina rehabilitation method. The aim of the study was to evaluate long-term impact of intensive and continuously performed rehabilitation on the motor autonomy level children with CP. Motor autonomy levels, defined according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), were analyzed in 24 children with CP at the beginning of the study and at the last visit. During rehabilitation, GMFM scores increased above the expected value of initial GMFCS level in the majority of patients. Intensive rehabilitation had significant influence on motor improvement in children with CP

Operational specification for FCA using Z

We present an outline of a process by which operational software requirements specifications can be written for Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). The Z notation is used to specify the FCA model and the formal operations on it. We posit a novel approach whereby key features of Z and FCA can be integrated and put to work in contemporary software development, thus promoting operational specification as a useful application of conceptual structures.</p

Standard CGIF interoperability in Amine

The adoption of standard CGIF by CG tools will enable interoperability between them to be achieved, and in turn lead to the interoperability between CG tools and other tools. The integration of ISO Common Logic’s standard CGIF notation in the Amine platform is presented. It also describes the first steps towards full interoperability between the Amine CG tool (through its Synergy component) and CharGer, a representative CG tool that supports similar interoperability and for process (or ‘active’) knowledge as well as declarative knowledge. N-adic relations are addressed as well as semantic compatibility across the two tools. The work remarks on the successes achieved, highlighting certain issues along the way, and offering a real impetus to achieve interoperability.</p

The transaction pattern through automating TrAM

Transaction Agent Modelling (TrAM) has demonstrated how the early requirements of complex enterprise systems can be captured and described in a lucid yet rigorous way. Using Geerts and McCarthy’s REA (Resource-Events-Agents) model as its basis, the TrAM process manages to capture the ‘qualitative’ dimensions of business transactions and business processes. A key part of the process is automated model-checking, which CG has revealed to be beneficial in this regard. It enables models to retain the high-level business concepts yet providing a formal structure at that high-level that is lacking in Use Cases. Using a conceptual catalogue informed by transactions, we illustrate the automation of a transaction pattern from which further specialisations impart a tested specification for system implementation, which we envisage as a multi-agent system in order to reflect the dynamic world of business activity. It would furthermore be able to interoperate across business domains as they would share the generalised TM as a pattern.</p

Family as a Factor in Cerebral Palsy Prevention

The aim of the study was to assess maternal perception of family impact on the course and outcome of rehabilitation in children with cerebral motor impairment. The study included 135 children with cerebral motor impairment. Their motor development was followed-up over a one-year period by use of structured interview with the children’s mothers after 12-month rehabilitation. The course of rehabilitation was assessed by the method of locomotor system functional evaluation. The improvement achieved in motor development was significantly better in the group of children whose mothers found their relationships with extended family excellent than in those whose mothers considered it good or poor. The study showed that mothers to children with cerebral motor impairment frequently feel the lack of extended family support, being it real or perceived as such by the mothers due to their emotional sensitivity, suggesting the need of additional studies of the reasons for this. These findings indicate that greater attention should be paid by health professionals to the psychological support offered to these mothers

A Transaction-oriented architecture for enterprise systems

Many enterprises risk business transactions based on information systems that are incomplete or misleading, given that 80-85% of all corporate information remains outside of their processing scope. It highlights that the bulk of information is too unstructured for these systems to process, but must be taken into account if those systems are to provide effective support. Computer technology nonetheless continues to become more and more predominant, illustrated by SAP A.G. recognising that 65-70% of the world's transactions are run using their technology. Using SAP as an illustrative case study, and by bringing in the benefits of technologies such as Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Business Process Management (BPM), Enterprise Architecture Frameworks (EA) and Conceptual Structures, a practical roadmap is identified to a Transaction-Oriented Architecture (TOA) that is predicated on the Transaction Concept. This concept builds upon the Resources-Events-Agents (REA) modelling pattern that is close to business reality. Enterprise systems can thus better incorporate that missing 80-85% of hitherto too-unstructured information thereby allowing enterprise systems vendors such as SAP, their competitors, customers, suppliers and partners to do an ever better job with the world's transactions