Press Prudence, Nazi Student Orders, and Jim Crow

This Article discusses the 1931 decision of the Austrian Constitutional Court in which it was held that rules promulgated by the University of Vienna, which aimed to separate the student body into four ethnically-defined nations, were invalid. The Article notes the striking similarities of the case to Brown v. Board of Education and other American equal protection education cases. In examining the decision the article states that in declining to uphold an equivalent to the \u27separate but equal\u27 doctrine, the Austrian justices did for Austrian law what Plessy had failed to do for US law thirty five years before. The Austrian Court held that the University violated constitutional principles of equality and that they had no authority to do so

Photoreflectance for in-situ characterization of MOCVD growth of semiconductors under micro-gravity conditions

A contactless electromodulation technique of photoreflectance (PR) was developed for in-situ monitoring of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) semiconductor growth for micro-gravity applications. PR can be employed in a real MOCVD reactor including rotating substrate (approximately 500 rev/min) in flowing gases and through a diffuser plate. Measurements on GaAs and Ga(0.82)Al(0.18)As were made up to 690 C. The direct band gaps of In(x)Ga(1-x)As (x = 0.07 and 0.16) were evaluated up to 600 C. In order to address the question of real time measurement, the spectra of the direct gap of GaAs at 650 C was obtained in 30 seconds and 15 seconds seems feasible

Electroreflectance spectroscopy in self-assembled quantum dots: lens symmetry

Modulated electroreflectance spectroscopy $\Delta R/R$ of semiconductor self-assembled quantum dots is investigated. The structure is modeled as dots with lens shape geometry and circular cross section. A microscopic description of the electroreflectance spectrum and optical response in terms of an external electric field (${\bf F}$) and lens geometry have been considered. The field and lens symmetry dependence of all experimental parameters involved in the $\Delta R/R$ spectrum have been considered. Using the effective mass formalism the energies and the electronic states as a function of ${\bf F}$ and dot parameters are calculated. Also, in the framework of the strongly confined regime general expressions for the excitonic binding energies are reported. Optical selection rules are derived in the cases of the light wave vector perpendicular and parallel to $$. Detailed calculation of the Seraphin coefficients and electroreflectance spectrum are performed for the InAs and CdSe nanostructures. Calculations show good agreement with measurements recently performed on CdSe/ZnSe when statistical distribution on size is considered, explaining the main observed characteristic in the electroreflectance spectra

Remembering Brown: A Tribute to John Hope Franklin

On March 27, 2008, the Duke Forum for Law & Social Change and the Office of the Dean co-sponsored a Symposium entitled, “Remembering Brown.” The panelists discussed both their experiences working to desegregate public schools and their perspectives on whether the aspiration of Brown v. Board of Education has been fulfilled

Remembering Brown: A Tribute to John Hope Franklin

On March 27, 2008, the Duke Forum for Law & Social Change and the Office of the Dean co-sponsored a Symposium entitled, “Remembering Brown.” The panelists discussed both their experiences working to desegregate public schools and their perspectives on whether the aspiration of Brown v. Board of Education has been fulfilled

Mark DeWolfe Howe and the Fight for Racial Equality

The greatest brutality of our time, wrote Mark Howe, is racial inequality . . . . The apparent simplicity of his statement belies the complexity of feeling and thought which underlay it. There was of course the moral imperative to do away with iniquity. But there was also the historical imperative to bring American law and life into conformity with principles built into our national covenant almost a century ago and still unimplemented. Without the conclusive force of history, morality alone would not–for Howe, lawyer and historian–have justified the corrective action of the Court on which he lavished his relentless scholarship

Judicial Power and the Politics of the People

Since several of his senior brethren devoted well over one hundred and fifty pages of the United States Reports to discussing the issues thought to be presented in Baker v. Carr, Mr. Justice Stewart can hardly be charged with garrulousness in claiming two pages more. The central thrust of his concurring opinion was to remind the nation what it was the Supreme Court had explicitly decided and the limited character of that decision: The Court today decides three things and no more: (a) that the court possessed jurisdiction of the subject matter; (b) that a justiciable cause of action is stated upon which appellants would be entitled to appropriate relief; and (c) . . . that the appellants have standing to challenge the Tennessee apportionment statutes. \u2