Destruction of thermal insulation and effectiveness of the thermal energy transfer system

The work is devoted to improving the efficiency of the system of thermal energy transportation. The results of determining the thermophysical properties, such as the coefficient of thermal conductivity, water absorption, vapor permeability, the percentage of structural changes in the fibers during heating and exposure to vibration, basalt super thin fiber and other thermal insulation materials are presented. The results of thermal imaging testing control of basalt super-thin fiber mats are presented. The effect of the degree of thermal insulation aging on the increase in the heat flow density is shown

Structural Disorder in Doped Zirconias, Part I: The Zr0.8Sc0.2−xYxO1.9 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) System

The influence of local ordering of the anion vacancies and cation-anion vacancy interactions on the ionic conductivity of the anion-deficient fluorite Zr0.8Sc0.2-xYxO1.9 (0.0 ≥ x ≥ 0.2) system have been investigated using impedance spectroscopy, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) analysis of neutron powder diffraction data. At 1000 K, the ionic conductivity decreases by a factor of ∼2 as x increases from 0.0 to 0.2, while the oxygen anion partial radial distribution function, gOO(r), remains similar across the entire solid solution, even though the cation-oxygen interactions change with increasing Y2O3 content. These experimental data are used to validate the MD simulations, which probe the details of the vacancy-vacancy interactions within the x = 0.0 and x = 0.2 end members. Both possess similar vacancy-vacancy ordering that favors the formation of pairs along 〈111〉 directions. Significantly, an increased proportion of the oxygen vacancies are associated with the Zr4+ cations in Zr 0.8Y0.2O1.9, while in Zr0.8Sc 0.2O1.9 they show no significant preference for being nearest neighbor to a Sc3+ or a Zr4+ cation. Thus, it is concluded that the lower ionic conductivity at x = 0.2 is predominantly a consequence of the larger size of the Y3+ cation, which induces strain in the lattice and hinders diffusion of the O2-, rather than changes in the local ordering of the anion vacancies. © 2011 American Chemical Society