Medicinal Plants of West Godavari

Medicinal plants are one of the nature’s greatest gifts to the mankind. Each plant will have an exquisite deal of character, which can act as an antidote to various of diseases. Traditional medicine has become a vital alternative source of medicine all over the world today with some approximation of about 80% of the primary health care system in some developing countries. Medicinal plants are known to comprise of hundreds of active constituents that may be potentially useful for the development of therapeutic agents. The development of therapeutic agents involves the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from plant materials which is crucial for drug discovery. Researchers from all around the globe have focused on drug discovery from the natures’ wonder medicinal plants, forming an important group of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy. West Godavari is a part of Andhra Pradesh, India, which hosts several plants that have high therapeutic significance. Each of the plants has a unique feature which can be employed for healing of various lethal diseases. The present examination intends to review the therapeutic plant assets of West Godavari area Andhra Pradesh. This evaluation also offers the critical elements which include medicinal properties of various medicinal plants found in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India

ZRELI EMBRIJ KAO POLAZNI MATERIJAL ZA UČINKOVIT POTICAJ REGENERACIJE KOD SIRKA (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.)

Efficient plant regeneration is a prerequisite for a complete genetic transformation protocol in cereals. Aiming this, in the present study, we have accomplished efficient plant regeneration using mature embryos as a source material in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Although immature inflorescence and immature embryos are best explant sources for in vitro culture in Sorghum, however they are available only for a limited period in a year. Mature embryos have always been ideal for in vitro studies for the reason that they can be handled easily over other explants and available throughout the year. Mature embryo explants of Sorghum bicolor genotypes viz. IS 3566, SPV 475, CSV13, CSV15, CSV112, IS 348 were cultured on MS medium for efficient callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration. The response of different combination and concentrations of plant growth regulators were compared, and factors affecting the mature embryo tissue culture response were studied in this manuscript. Significant genotypic differentiation was detected in embryogenic callus induction and plantlet regeneration. Genotype IS 3566 showed better tissue culture response than the other genotypes. Efficient embryogenic callus induction was achieved with 2mg l-1 2, 4,5- Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and multiple shoot induction was achieved by manipulation of 6-benzyl adenine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ), and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the culture medium.Učinkovita regeneracija kod biljaka preduvjet je za potpun transformacijski protokol kod žitarica. Ovim istraživanjem izvedena je uspješna regeneracija biljaka korištenjem zrelih embrija sirka Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. kao polaznog materijala. Cvjetovi i nezreli embriji najbolji su za eksplantaciju in vitro kulture sirka, ali poteškoće se javljaju jer su oni dostupni samo u određenom dijelu godine. Zreli embriji su oduvijek bili idealni za in vitro istraživanja iz razloga što se njima puno lakše rukuje u odnosu na druge eksplatante, a dostupni su tijekom cijele godine. Zreli eksplatanti sirka genotipova IS 3566, SPV 475, CSV13, CSV15, CSV112 i IS 348 kultivirani su na MS mediju za stvaranje učinkovitog kalusa i naknadnu regeneraciju. U istraživanjima su testirane razne kombinacije i koncentracije regulatora rasta te faktori koji utječu na tkivo zrelog embrija. Uočene su značajne genotipske razlike kod indukcije embrionalnog kalusa i regeneracije biljaka. Genotip IS 3566 pokazao je bolje rezultate u kulturi tkiva od ostalih genotipa. Učinkovita indukcije embrionalnog kalusa postignuta je s 2mg l-1 2, 4,5- Triklorfenoksioctenom kiselinom (2,4,5-T) i višestrukim dozama indukcije koje su postignute korištenjem 6-benzyl adenina (BAP), Thidiazurona (TDZ) i Indol-3-octenom kiselinom (IAA) u mediju kulture

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Allophylus serratus

Allophylus serratus mediated silver nanoparticles biosynthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity were described. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by visual observation: UV-Vis spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). UV-Vis spectroscopy studies showed that the absorption spectra of synthesized silver nanoparticles from leaf and callus extracts had absorbance peak range of 440 nm and 445 nm, respectively. The X-RD pattern revealed the presence of crystalline, dominantly spherical silver nanoparticles in the sample having size ranging from 42 to 50 nm. The XRD peaks 38.2°, 44.1°, 64.1°, and 77.0° for leaf extract and 38.1°, 44.3°, 64.5°, 77.5°, and 81.33° for callus extract can be assigned the plane of silver crystals (111), (200), (220), and (311), respectively, and indicate that the silver nanoparticles are face-centered, cubic, and crystalline in nature. SEM and EDS analysis also confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The FTIR results showed the presence of some biomolecules in extracts that act as reducing and capping agent for silver nanoparticles biosynthesis. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Angiogenesis and chronic kidney disease

The number of patients requiring renal replacement therapy due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing worldwide. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the importance of CKD as a risk factor in development of ESRD and in complicating cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been confirmed. In recent years, the involvement of angiogenesis-related factors in the progression of CKD has been studied, and the potential therapeutic effects on CKD of modulating these factors have been identified. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, a potent pro-angiogenic factor, is involved in the development of the kidney, in maintenance of the glomerular capillary structure and filtration barrier, and in the renal repair process after injury. VEGF-A is also involved in the development of early diabetic nephropathy, demonstrated by the therapeutic effects of anti-VEGF-A antibody. Angiopoietin (Ang)-1 induces the maturation of newly formed blood vessels, and the therapeutic effects of Ang-1 in diabetic nephropathy have been described. In experimental models of diabetic nephropathy, the therapeutic effects of angiogenesis inhibitors, including angiostatin, endostatin and tumstatin peptides, the isocoumarin NM-3, and vasohibin-1, have been reported