Influence of type II muscle fibers and creatine supplementation on repeated bouts of the Wingate Anaerobic Test

The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate the influence of muscle fiber type composition and supplemental creatine monohydrate on repeated bouts of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). More specifically, would a higher percentage of Type II muscle fibers demonstrate a greater significant improvement in repeated bouts of cycle ergometry after creatine supplementation. Nineteen males (mean ± SD age, body mass, and height = 21.7 ± 1.9 yr., 84.1 ± 14.1 kg and 161.5 ± 7.8 cm, respectively) participated in the 13 day experiment. Initially, sixty-five participants performed a single 30-s WAnT against a resistance of .10 kg/kg body weight. All scores were then rank ordered from highest to lowest, according to relative peak anaerobic power (PAPr) scores. Ten participants from both ends of this distribution were approached and requested to volunteer for the remainder of the study. This allowed the following four groups to be constructed: 1) high WAnT with creatine (n = 5), 2) high WAnT with placebo (n = 5), 3) low WAnT with creatine (/i = 5), and 4) low WAnT with placebo (n = 4). On days 4 and 12 of the study, percutaneous muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis and stained histochemically to determine fiber type distribution (Type II, IIa, and Ilb). This data demonstrated a positive, but weak relationship between peak anaerobic scores (relative) obtained during the single 30-s WAnT and percent type II muscle fibers (r = 0.52, p<0.05). Furthermore, a Spearman rank-order correlation revealed a positive monotonic relationship (R = 0.611, p<0.01) between the variables. Finally, a 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA (F (1,15) = 12.8, p<0.01), revealed that the 10 participants within the high PAPr group had higher values for %FT, regardless of treatment. This data revealed that the grouping of participants according to PAPr during the single 30-s WAnT was reflective of their fiber type distribution in regards to percent type II muscle fibers. Five repeated bouts of the WAnT were performed on days 5 and 12 of the study, with each bout lasting 15-s, against a resistance o f0.075 kg/kg body weight and with 45-s of active rest between each bout. Supplementation occurred on days 7 through 11, with groups # 1 and #3 receiving the treatment (4 x 5g of creatine + 2g of dextrose powder) and groups # 2 and # 4 receiving the placebo (4 x 7g of dextrose powder). Peak anaerobic power (absolute and relative), mean anaerobic power (absolute and relative) and percent power decrease were recorded during each of the five bouts. The design was a 2 (time: pre or post) by 2 (treatment: creatine or placebo) by 2 (WAnT: high or low) by 5 (bouts; 1 through 5) split-plot factorial analysis. Change scores were calculated for all five dependent measures and consequently the data was analyzed with a 2 (treatment; creatine or placebo) by 2 (WAnT: high or low) by 5 (bouts: 1 through 5) split-plot factorial ANOVA, which revealed no significant main or interaction effects. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in body weight, from pre to post-supplementation, regardless of treatment. The results therefore, suggest no relationship between participants' fiber type distribution (through the stated relationship to PAPr), creatine supplementation, and repeated bouts of the WAnT. However, due to the small number of participants per cell or group within this study, the results should be viewed with caution

Inflammation in the Tumor-Adjacent Lung as a Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Approximately 30% of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients present with disease progression after successful surgical resection. Despite efforts of mapping the genetic landscape, there has been limited success in discovering predictive biomarkers of disease outcomes. Here we performed a systematic multi-omic assessment of 143 tumors and matched tumor-adjacent, histologically-normal lung tissue with long-term patient follow-up. Through histologic, mutational, and transcriptomic profiling of tumor and adjacent-normal tissue, we identified an inflammatory gene signature in tumor-adjacent tissue as the strongest clinical predictor of disease progression. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis demonstrated the progression-associated inflammatory signature was expressed in both immune and non-immune cells, and cell type-specific profiling in monocytes further improved outcome predictions. Additional analyses of tumor-adjacent transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas validated the association of the inflammatory signature with worse outcomes across cancers. Collectively, our study suggests that molecular profiling of tumor-adjacent tissue can identify patients at high risk for disease progression

2017 Research & Innovation Day Program

A one day showcase of applied research, social innovation, scholarship projects and activities.https://first.fanshawec.ca/cri_cripublications/1004/thumbnail.jp

Excited state dynamics of the Ho3+ ions in holmium singly doped and holmium, praseodymium-codoped fluoride glasses

The deactivation of the two lowest excited states of Ho3+ was investigated in Ho3+ singly doped and Ho3+, Pr3+-codoped fluoride (ZBLAN) glasses. We establish that 0.1-0.3 mol % Pr3+ can efficiently deactivate the first excited (I-5(7)) state of Ho3+ while causing a small reduction of similar to 40% of the initial population of the second excited (I-5(6)) state. The net effect introduced by the Pr3+ ion deactivation of the Ho3+ ion is the fast recovery of the ground state of Ho3+. The Burshstein model parameters relevant to the Ho3+-> Pr3+ energy transfer processes were determined using a least squares fit to the measured luminescence decay. The energy transfer upconversion and cross relaxation parameters for 1948, 1151, and 532 nm excitations of singly Ho3+-doped ZBLAN were determined. Using the energy transfer rate parameters we determine from the measured luminescence, a rate equation model for 650 nm excitation of Ho3+-doped and Ho3+, Pr3+-doped ZBLAN glasses was developed. The rate equations were solved numerically and the population inversion between the I-5(6) and the I-5(7) excited states of Ho3+ was calculated to examine the beneficial effects on the gain associated with Pr3+ codoping. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics

Adipose tissue adaptive response to trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid engages alternatively activated M2 macrophages

IF 5.299International audienceIn mice, nutritional supplementation with the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of linoleic acid (t10, c12-CLA) promotes lipoatrophy, hyperinsulinemia, and macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue (WAT). We explored the dynamics of these interrelated responses over 2 consecutive 7 d periods of t10, c12-CLA administration and withdrawal. t10, c12-CLA down-regulated lipogenic and lipolytic gene expression and increased collagen deposition, but with no evidence of cross-linking. An abundant CD45(+) cell infiltrate, comprising prominently CD206(+)CD11c(-) macrophages, was found in WAT in association with an anti-inflammatory gene signature. Infiltration of natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells contributed to WAT's innate immune response to t10, c12-CLA. Less abundant adaptive immune cells colonized WAT, including B, NK T, gamma delta T, and alpha beta T cells. By contrast, T-regulatory cell abundance was not affected. Interruption of treatment allowed recovery of WAT mass and normalization of insulinemia, coincident with regain of WAT homeostasis owing to a coordinated reversion of genic, structural, and immune deregulations. These data revealed a striking resilience of WAT after a short-term metabolic injury induced by t10, c12-CLA, which relies on alternatively activated M2 macrophage engagement. In addition, the temporal links between variations in WAT alterations and insulinemia upon t10, c12-CLA manipulation strengthen the view that WAT dysfunctional status is critically involved in altered glucose homeostasis