ABO blood group system and placental malaria in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding the pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy and its consequences for both the mother and the baby is fundamental for improving malaria control in pregnant women.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>The study aimed to investigate the role of ABO blood groups on pregnancy outcomes in an area of unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 293 women delivering in New Half teaching hospital, eastern Sudan during the period October 2006–March 2007 have been analyzed. ABO blood groups were determined and placental histopathology examinations for malaria were performed. Birth and placental weight were recorded and maternal haemoglobin was measured.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>114 (39.7%), 61 (22.1%) and 118 (38.2%) women were primiparae, secundiparae and multiparae, respectively. The ABO blood group distribution was 82(A), 59 (B), 24 (AB) and 128 (O). Placental histopathology showed acute placental malaria infections in 6 (2%), chronic infections in 6 (2%), 82 (28.0%) of the placentae showed past infection and 199 (68.0%) showed no infection. There was no association between the age (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.45–2.2; <it>P </it>= 0.9), parity (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3–1.2; <it>P </it>= 0.1) and placental malaria infections. In all parity blood group O was associated with a higher risk of past (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.2; <it>P </it>= 0.01) placental malaria infection. This was also true when primiparae were considered separately (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.05–6.5, <it>P </it>= 0.03).</p> <p>Among women with all placental infections/past placental infection, the mean haemoglobin was higher in women with the blood group O, but the mean birth weight, foeto-placental weight ratio was not different between these groups and the non-O group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results indicate that women of eastern Sudan are at risk for placental malaria infection irrespective to their age or parity. Those women with blood group O were at higher risk of past placental malaria infection.</p

Caution, "normal" BMI: health risks associated with potentially masked individual underweight - EPMA position paper 2021

An increasing interest in a healthy lifestyle raises questions about optimal body weight. Evidently, it should be clearly discriminated between the standardised "normal" body weight and individually optimal weight. To this end, the basic principle of personalised medicine "one size does not fit all" has to be applied. Contextually, "normal" but e.g. borderline body mass index might be optimal for one person but apparently suboptimal for another one strongly depending on the individual genetic predisposition, geographic origin, cultural and nutritional habits and relevant lifestyle parameters - all included into comprehensive individual patient profile. Even if only slightly deviant, both overweight and underweight are acknowledged risk factors for a shifted metabolism which, if being not optimised, may strongly contribute to the development and progression of severe pathologies. Development of innovative screening programmes is essential to promote population health by application of health risks assessment, individualised patient profiling and multi-parametric analysis, further used for cost-effective targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the person. The following healthcare areas are considered to be potentially strongly benefiting from the above proposed measures: suboptimal health conditions, sports medicine, stress overload and associated complications, planned pregnancies, periodontal health and dentistry, sleep medicine, eye health and disorders, inflammatory disorders, healing and pain management, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancers, psychiatric and neurologic disorders, stroke of known and unknown aetiology, improved individual and population outcomes under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19. In a long-term way, a significantly improved healthcare economy is one of benefits of the proposed paradigm shift from reactive to Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (PPPM/3PM). A tight collaboration between all stakeholders including scientific community, healthcare givers, patient organisations, policy-makers and educators is essential for the smooth implementation of 3PM concepts in daily practice

EPMA-World Congress 2015: Bonn, Germany. 3-5 September 2015

Table of contents A1 Predictive and prognostic biomarker panel for targeted application of radioembolisation improving individual outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma Jella-Andrea Abraham, Olga Golubnitschaja A2 Integrated market access approach amplifying value of “Rx-CDx” Ildar Akhmetov A3 Disaster response: an opportunity to improve global healthcare Russell J. Andrews, Leonidas Quintana A4 USA PPPM: proscriptive, profligate, profiteering medicine-good for 1 % wealthy, not for 99 % unhealthy Russell J. Andrews A5 The role of IDO in a murine model of gingivitis: predictive and therapeutic potentials Babak Baban, Jun Yao Liu, Xu Qin, Tailing Wang, Mahmood S. Mozaffari A6 Specific diets for personalised treatment of diabetes type 2 Viktoriia V. Bati, Tamara V. Meleshko, Olga B. Levchuk, Nadiya V. Boyko A7 Towards personalized physiotherapeutic approach Joanna Bauer, Ewa Boerner, Halina Podbielska A8 Cells, animal, SHIME and in silico models for detection and verification of specific biomarkers of non-communicable chronic diseases Alojz Bomba, Viktor O. Petrov, Volodymyr G. Drobnych, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Oksana M. Bykova, Nadiya V. Boyko A9 INTERACT-chronic care model: Self-treatment by patients with decision support e-Health solution Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Lutz Fleischhacker, Olga Golubnitschaja, Frank Heemskerk, Thomas Helms, Tiny Jaarsma, Judita Kinkorova, Jan Ramaekers, Peter Ruff, Ivana Schnur, Emilio Vanoli, Jose Verdu A10 PPPM in cardiovascular medicine in 2015 Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca A11 Magnetic resonance imaging of nanoparticles in mice, potential for theranostic and contrast media development – pilot results Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Sergiy A. Grabovetskyi, Olena M. Mykhalchenko, Natalia O. Tymoshok, Oleksandr B. Shcherbakov, Igor P. Semeniv, Mykola Y. Spivak A12 Ultrasound diagnosis for diabetic neuropathy - comparative study Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Tetyana V. Ostapenko A13 Ultrasound for stratification patients with diabetic foot ulcers for prevention and personalized treatment - pilot results Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Nazarii M. Kobyliak, Nadiya M. Zholobak, Mykola Ya. Spivak A14 Project ImaGenX – designing and executing a questionnaire on environment and lifestyle risk of breast cancer John Paul Cauchi A15 Genomics – a new structural brand of predictive, preventive and personalized medicine or the new driver as well? Dmitrii Cherepakhin, Marina Bakay, Artem Borovikov, Sergey Suchkov A16 Survey of questionnaires for evaluation of the quality of life in various medical fields Barbara Cieślik, Agnieszka Migasiewicz, Maria-Luiza Podbielska, Markus Pelleter, Agnieszka Giemza, Halina Podbielska A17 Personalized molecular treatment for muscular dystrophies Sebahattin Cirak A18 Secondary mutations in circulating tumour DNA for acquired drug resistance in patients with advanced ALK + NSCLC Marzia Del Re, Paola Bordi, Valentina Citi, Marta Palombi, Carmine Pinto, Marcello Tiseo, Romano Danesi A19 Recombinant species-specific FcεRI alpha proteins for diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergies in dogs, cats and horses Lukas Einhorn, Judit Fazekas, Martina Muhr, Alexandra Schoos, Lucia Panakova, Ina Herrmann, Krisztina Manzano-Szalai, Kumiko Oida, Edda Fiebiger, Josef Singer, Erika Jensen-Jarolim A20 Global methodology for developmental neurotoxicity testing in humans and animals early and chronically exposed to chemical contaminants Arpiné A. Elnar, Nadia Ouamara, Nadiya Boyko, Xavier Coumoul, Jean-Philippe Antignac, Bruno Le Bizec, Gauthier Eppe, Jenny Renaut, Torsten Bonn, Cédric Guignard, Margherita Ferrante, Maria Liusa Chiusano, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Gerard O'Keeffe, John Cryan, Michelle Bisson, Amina Barakat, Ihsane Hmamouchi, Nasser Zawia, Anumantha Kanthasamy, Glen E. Kisby, Rui Alves, Oscar Villacañas Pérez, Kim Burgard, Peter Spencer, Norbert Bomba, Martin Haranta, Nina Zaitseva, Irina May, Stéphanie Grojean, Mathilde Body-Malapel, Florencia Harari, Raul Harari, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Olga Golubnitschaja, Vittorio Calabrese, Christophe Nemos, Rachid Soulimani A21 Mental indicators at young people with attributes hypertension and pre-hypertension Maria E. Evsevyeva, Elena A. Mishenko, Zurida V. Kumukova, Evgeniy V. Chudnovsky, Tatyana A. Smirnova A22 On the approaches to the early diagnosis of stress-induced hypertension in young employees of State law enforcement agencies Maria E. Evsevyeva, Ludmila V. Ivanova, Michail V. Eremin, Maria V. Rostovtseva A23 Сentral aortic pressure and indexes of augmentation in young persons in view of risk factors Maria E. Evsevyeva, Michail V. Eremin, Vladimir I. Koshel, Oksana V. Sergeeva, Nadesgda M. Konovalova A24 Breast cancer prediction and prevention: Are reliable biomarkers in horizon? Shantanu Girotra, Olga Golubnitschaja A25 Flammer Syndrome and potential formation of pre-metastatic niches: A multi-centred study on phenotyping, patient stratification, prediction and potential prevention of aggressive breast cancer and metastatic disease Olga Golubnitschaja, Manuel Debald, Walther Kuhn, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Vadym M. Goncharenko, Ulyana Lushchyk, Godfrey Grech, Katarzyna Konieczka A26 Innovative tools for prenatal diagnostics and monitoring: improving individual pregnancy outcomes and health-economy in EU Olga Golubnitschaja, Jan Jaap Erwich, Vincenzo Costigliola, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Ulrich Gembruch A27 Immunohistochemical assessment of APUD cells in endometriosis Vadym M. Goncharenko, Vasyl O. Beniuk, Olga V. Kalenska, Rostyslav V. Bubnov A28 Updating personalized management algorithm of endometrial hyperplasia in pre-menopause women Vadym M. Goncharenko, Vasyl O. Beniuk, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Olga Melnychuk A29 The personified treatment approach of polimorbid patients with periodontal inflammatory diseases Irina A. Gorbacheva, Lyudmila Y. Orekhova, Vadim V. Tachalov A30 Ukrainian experience in hybrid war – the challenge to update algorithms for personalized care and early prevention of different military injuries Olena I. Grechanyk, Rizvan Ya. Abdullaiev, Rostyslav V. Bubnov A31 Tear fluid biomarkers: a comparison of tear fluid sampling and storage protocols Suzanne Hagan, Eilidh Martin, Ian Pearce, Katherine Oliver A32 The correlation of dietary habits with gingival problems during menstruation Cenk Haytac, Fariz Salimov, Servin Yoksul, Anatoly A. Kunin, Natalia S. Moiseeva A33 Genomic medicine in a contemporary Spanish population of prostate cancer: our experience Bernardo Herrera-Imbroda, Sergio del Río-González, Maria Fernanda Lara, Antonia Angulo, Francisco Javier Machuca Santa-Cruz A34 Challenges, opportunities and collaborations for personalized medicine applicability in uro-oncological disease Bernardo Herrera-Imbroda, Sergio del Río-González, Maria Fernanda Lara A35 Metabolic hallmarks of cancer as targets for a personalized therapy John Ionescu A36 Influence of genetic polymorphism as a predictor of the development of periodontal disease in patients with gastric ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer Alfiya Z. Isamulaeva, Anatoly A. Kunin, Shamil Sh. Magomedov, Aida I. Isamulaeva A37 Challenges in diabetic macular edema Tatjana Josifova A38 Overview of the EPMA strategies in laboratory medicine relevant for PPPM Marko Kapalla, Juraj Kubáň, Olga Golubnitschaja, Vincenzo Costigliola A39 EPMA initiative for effective organization of medical travel: European concepts and criteria Vincenzo Costigliola, Marko Kapalla, Juraj Kubáň, Olga Golubnitschaja A40 Design and innovation in e-textiles: implications for PPPM Anthony Kent, Tom Fisher, Tilak Dias A41 Biobank in Pilsen as a member of national node BBMRI_CZ Judita Kinkorová, Ondřej Topolčan A42 Big data in personalized medicine: hype and hope Matthias Kohl A43 The 3P approach as the platform of the European Dentistry Department (DPPPD) Anatoly A. Kunin, Natalia S. Moiseeva A44 The endometrium cytokine patterns for predictive diagnosis of proliferation severity and cancer prevention Andrii I. Kurchenko, Vasyl A. Beniuk, Vadym M. Goncharenko, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Nadiya V. Boyko, Andriy M. Strokan A45 A monocyte-based in-vitro system for testing individual responses to the implanted material: future for personalized implant construction Julia Kzhyshkowska, Alexandru Gudima, Ksenia S. Stankevich, Victor D. Filimonov4, Harald Klüter, Evgeniya M. Mamontova, Sergei I. Tverdokhlebov A46 Prediction and prevention of adverse health effects by meteorological factors: Biomarker patterns and creation of a device for self-monitoring and integrated care Ulyana B. Lushchyk, Viktor V. Novytskyy, Igor P. Babii, Nadiya G. Lushchyk, Lyudmyla S. Riabets, Ivanna I. Legka A47 Targeting "disease signatures" towards personalized healthcare Mira Marcus-Kalish, Alexis Mitelpunkt, Tal Galili, Neta Shachar, Yoav Benjamini A48 Influence of the skin imperfection on the personal quality of life and possible tools for objective diagnosis Agnieszka Migasiewicz, Markus Pelleter, Joanna Bauer, Ewelina Dereń, Halina Podbielska A49 The new direction in caries prevention based on the ultrastructure of dental hard tissues and filling materials Natalia S. Moiseeva, Anatoly A. Kunin, Dmitry A. Kunin A50 The use of LED radiation in prevention of dental diseases Natalia S. Moiseeva, Yury A. Ippolitov, Dmitry A. Kunin, Alexei N. Morozov, Natalia V. Chirkova, Nakhid T. Aliev A51 Status of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic nephropathy: predictive and preventive potentials Mahmood S. Mozaffari, Jun Yao Liu, Babak Baban A52 The status of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein in salivary gland in Sjögren’s syndrome: predictive and personalized treatment potentials Mahmood S. Mozaffari, Jun Yao Liu, Rafik Abdelsayed, Xing-Ming Shi, Babak Baban A53 Maximal aerobic capacity - important quality marker of health Jaroslav Novák, Milan Štork, Václav Zeman A54 The EMPOWER project: laboratory medicine and Horizon 2020 Wytze P. Oosterhuis, Elvar Theodorsson A55 Personality profile manifestations in patient’s attitude to oral care and adherence to doctor’s prescriptions Lyudmila Y. Orekhova, Tatyana V. Kudryavtseva, Elena R. Isaeva, Vadim V. Tachalov, Ekaterina S. Loboda A56 Results of an European survey on personalized medicine addressed to directions of laboratory medicine Mario Pazzagli, Francesca Malentacchi, Irene Mancini, Ivan Brandslund, Pieter Vermeersch, Matthias Schwab, Janja Marc, Ron H.N. van Schaik, Gerard Siest, Elvar Theodorsson, Chiara Di Resta A57 MCI or early dementia predictive speech based diagnosis techniques Matus Pleva, Jozef Juhar A58 Personalized speech based mobile application for eHealth Matus Pleva, Jozef Juhar A59 Circulating tumor cell-free DNA as the biomarker in the management of cancer patients Jiří Polívka jr., Filip Janků, Martin Pešta, Jan Doležal, Milena Králíčková, Jiří Polívka A60 Complex stroke care – educational programme in Stroke Centre University Hospital Plzen Jiří Polívka, Alena Lukešová, Nina Müllerová, Petr Ševčík, Vladimír Rohan A61 Sleep apnea and sleep fragmentation contribute to brain aging Kneginja Richter, Lence Miloseva, Günter Niklewski A62 Personalised approach for sleep disturbances in shift workers Kneginja Richter, Jens Acker, Guenter Niklewski A63 Medical travel and innovative PPPM clusters: new concept of integration Olga Safonicheva, Vincenzo Costigliola A64 Medical travel and women health Olga Safonicheva A65 Continuity of generations in the training of specialists in the field of reconstructive microsurgery Maxim Sautin, Janna Sinelnikova, Sergey Suchkov A66 Telemonitoring of stroke patients – empirical evidence of individual risk management results from an observational study in Germany Songül Secer, Stephan von Bandemer A67 Women’s increasing breast cancer risk with n-6 fatty acid intake explained by estrogen-fatty acid interactive effect on DNA damage: implications for gender-specific nutrition within personalized medicine Niva Shapira A68 Cytobacterioscopy of the gingival crevicular fluid as a method for preventive diagnosis of periodontal diseases Aleksandr Shcherbakov, Anatoly A. Kunin, Natalia S. Moiseeva A69 Use of specially treated composites in dentistry to avoid violations of aesthetics Bogdan R. Shumilovich, Zhanna Lipkind, Yulia Vorobieva, Dmitry A. Kunin, Anastasiia V. Sudareva A70 National eHealth system – platform for preventive, predictive and personalized diabetes care Ivica Smokovski, Tatjana Milenkovic A72 The common energy levels of Prof. Szent-Györgyi, the intrinsic chemistry of melanin, and the muscle physiopathology. Implications in the context of Preventive, Predictive, and Personalized Medicine Arturo Solís-Herrera, María del Carmen Arias-Esparza, Sergey Suchkov A73 Plurality and individuality of hepatocellular carcinoma: PPPM perspectives Krishna Chander Sridhar, Olga Golubnitschaja A74 Strategic aspects of higher medical education reforms to secure newer educational platforms for getting biopharma professionals matures Maria Studneva, Sihong Song, James Creeden, Мark Мandrik, Sergey Suchkov A75 Overview of the strategies and activities of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, (EFLM) Elvar Theodorsson, EFLM A76 New spectroscopic techniques for point of care label free diagnostics Syed A. M. Tofail A77 Tumor markers for personalized medicine and oncology - the role of Laboratory Medicine Ondřej Topolčan, Judita Kinkorová, Ondřej Fiala, Marie Karlíková, Šárka Svobodová, Radek Kučera, Radka Fuchsová, Vladislav Třeška, Václav Šimánek, Ladislav Pecen, Jan Šoupal, Štěpán Svačina2 A78 Modern medical terminology (MMT) as a driver of the global educational reforms Evgeniya Tretyak, Maria Studneva, Sergey Suchkov A79 Juvenile hypertension; the relevance of novel predictive, preventive and personalized assessment of its determinants Francesca M. Trovato, G. Fabio Martines, Daniela Brischetto, Daniela Catalano, Giuseppe Musumeci, Guglielmo M. Trovato A80 Proteomarkers Biotech George Th. Tsangaris, Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos A81 Proteomics and mass spectrometry based non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal health and pregnancy complications George Th. Tsangaris, Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos A82 Integrated Ecosystem for an Integrated Care model for Heart Failure (HF) patients including related comorbidities (ZENITH) José Verdú, German Gutiérrez, Jordi Rovira, Marta Martinez, Lutz Fleischhacker, Donna Green, Arthur Garson, Elena Tamburini, Stefano Cuomo, Juan Martinez-Leon, Teresa Abrisqueta, Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Tiny Jaarsma, Teresa Arredondo, Cecilia Vera, Giuseppe Fico, Olga Golubnitschaja, Fernando Arribas, Martina Onderco, Isabel Vara, on behalf of ZENITH consortium A83 Predictive, preventive and personalized medicine in diabetes onset and complication (MOSAIC project) José Verdú, Francesco Sambo, Barbara Di Camillo, Claudio Cobelli, Andrea Facchinetti, Giuseppe Fico, Riccardo Bellazzi, Lucia Sacchi, Arianna Dagliati, Daniele Segnani, Valentina Tibollo, Manuel Ottaviano, Rafael Gabriel, Leif Groop, Jacqueline Postma, Antonio Martinez, Liisa Hakaste, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Konstantia Zarkogianni, on behalf of MOSAIC consortium A84 Possibilities for personalized therapy of diabetes using in vitro screening of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents Igor Volchek, Nina Pototskaya, Andrey Petrov A85 The innovative technology for personalized therapy of human diseases based on in vitro drug screening Igor Volchek, Nadezhda Pototskaya, Andrey Petrov A86 Bone destruction and temporomandibular joint: predictive markers, pathogenetic aspects and quality of life Ülle Voog-Oras, Oksana Jagur, Edvitar Leibur, Priit Niibo, Triin Jagomägi, Minh Son Nguyen, Chris Pruunsild, Dagmar Piikov, Mare Saag A87 Sub-optimal health management – global vision for concepts in medical travel Wei Wang A88 Sub-optimal health management: synergic PPPM-TCAM approach Wei Wang A89 Innovative technologies for minimal invasive diagnostics Andreas Weinhäusel, Walter Pulverer, Matthias Wielscher, Manuela Hofner, Christa Noehammer, Regina Soldo, Peter Hettegger, Istvan Gyurjan, Ronald Kulovics, Silvia Schönthaler, Gabriel Beikircher, Albert Kriegner, Stephan Pabinger, Klemens Vierlinger A90 Rare disease diobanks for personalized medicine Ayşe Yüzbaşıoğlu, Meral Özgüç, Member of EuroBioBank - European Network of DNA, Cell and Tissue Banks for Rare Disease

The identification of proteins by Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF). Part II - the scoring algorithms

Postęp w dziedzinie komputerów oraz rozwój Internetu zrewolucjonizował, proces identyfikacji białek oraz przyczynił się do szybkiego wzrostu proteomicznych baz danych. Krótko po wprowadzeniu pierwszej technologii identyfikacji białek z widm spektrometrów masowych PMF (Peptide Mass Fingerprinting) okazało się, że algorytmy wykorzystywane do wyszukiwania w bazie danych protein odpowiadających wynikom eksperymentu mają kluczowe znaczenie dla wysokiej poprawności identyfikacji. Rozwój metody PMF był zatem uwarunkowany nie tylko przez usprawnienia techniczne schematu, ale przede wszystkim przez zastosowanie rozmaitych metod matematycznych i statystycznych (tzw. algorytmów scoringu) przy wyszukiwaniu poprawnych rozwiązań. Kolejnym krokiem w informatycznym usprawnieniu identyfikacji było opracowanie metod walidacji jej rezultatów na podstawie istniejących baz danych lub też symulacji. Walidacja rezultatów pozwoliła na wyeliminowanie większości błędów pierwszego rodzaju w identyfikacji metodą PMF. Przez wzgląd na powszechność stosowania metody, a także jej ulepszenia autorzy postanowili podsumować obecny stan wiedzy w tym zakresie. Praca została podzielona na dwie części: w pierwszej przedstawiono opis historii powstania metody PMF wraz z charakterystyką jej części eksperymentalnej i opisem najpopularniejszych baz danych stosowanych przy identyfikacji, natomiast druga część jest poświęcona zagadnieniom algorytmicznym związanym z wyszukiwaniem w bazie danych protein najlepiej odzwierciedlających białko analizowane w próbce. Bioinformatyczne ujęcie identyfikacji białek w drugiej części nawiązuje do specyfikacji eksperymentu, omówionej w części pierwszej publikacji. Druga część pracy w szczegółowy sposób opisuje główne aspekty porównywania mas teoretycznych i eksperymentalnych, tj. trawienie in silico, rozpoznawanie modyfikacji białek, dopasowywanie mas oraz kalibrację poprawnych dopasowań. Opisane zostały także sposoby budowania funkcji scoringowych oraz algorytmy walidacji ich wartości. Dodatkowo, w pracy przedstawiono najbardziej znane funkcje scoringowe oraz pełny przegląd oprogramowania do identyfikacji białek metodą PMF.The internet and computer science progress have revolutionized the process of protein identification and contributed to the growth of proteomics databases. Just after discovering the first technology for protein identification from the mass spectra PMF (peptide mass fingerprinting), it appeared that the algorithms searching databases for proteins corresponding to experiment results have crucial meaning for the sensitivity and specificity of the identification procedure. Therefore, the development of PMF method was conditioned by both the technological improvements in the PMF scheme and the application of various mathematical and statistical methods (so called: scoring algorithms) to the searching of correct identifications. The next step in the development of an identification procedure was to work out the methods for identification results validation, according to the proteomics databases content or simulations. The results validation allowed to eliminate the most of unwanted false positives in the PMF identification. Regarding the method common use, as well as its improvements which are still present, the authors decide to summarize the current level of knowledge related to this topic. The publication is divided into two parts. The first one is devoted to the origins of PMF scheme, the characteristics of its experimental part and a description of the most popular databases used in the identification procedure. The second part relates to the algorithmic issues of searching the database protein, which reflects the sample content best. From the bioinformatics point of view the protein identification in the second part of publication refers to the experiment specification described in the first part. The second part of the publication describes in details the aspects of theoretical and experimental masses comparison, i.e. in silico digestion, the discrimination of protein modifications, the pairing of masses and the calibration of matches. Moreover, the scoring functions building manners and the algorithms for scoring functions values validation were also taken into the consideration. Additionally, we present the most known scoring schemes with the comprehensive review of the PMF protein identification software

The identification of proteins by Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF). Part I - properties of the identification experiment

Wprowadzenie w spektrometrach jonizacji typu MALDI zrewolucjonizowało proces identyfikacji białek. Automatyzacja procesu identyfikacji oraz bezpośrednie połączenie analizy spektrometrem masowym z separacją białek dwuwymiarową elektroforezą żelową (2D-GE) pociągnęły za sobą znaczny rozwój proteomiki. Późniejszy rozrost proteomicznych baz danych pozwolił na zwiększenie dokładności identyfikacji, z wykorzystaniem pierwszej w historii techniki wydajnej identyfikacji białek – peptide mass fingerprinting, w skrócie: PMF. Metoda peptide mass fingerprinting pozwala identyfikować białka z widm masowych uzyskanych w wyniku analizy próbki spektrometrem masowym. Przez wzgląd na powszechność stosowania metody, jak i ciągle obserwowane jej ulepszenia, autorzy postanowili podsumować obecny stan wiedzy w tym zakresie. Praca została podzielona na dwie części: w pierwszej znajduje się opis historii powstania metody PMF wraz z charakterystyką części eksperymentalnej i opisem najpopularniejszych baz danych stosowanych przy identyfikacji, natomiast druga część pracy jest poświęcona zagadnieniom algorytmicznym, związanym z wyszukiwaniem w bazie danych protein najlepiej odzwierciedlających białko analizowane w próbce. Specyfikacja eksperymentu w pierwszej części pracy uwzględnia zarówno opis metody separacji, trawienia białek w próbce, jak i późniejszej ich analizy z wykorzystaniem spektrometru masowego. Eksperymentalne fazy metody PMF są opisane z uwzględnieniem ich cech biochemicznych, mających wpływ na dalsze etapy schematu identyfikacji.The development of MALDI ionization method in mass spectrometers, had revolutionized the protein identification procedure. The automation of an identification procedure and the mass spectrometry direct connection to the protein separation with the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) implicated the significant proteomics development. The later growth of the proteomics databases contributed to the enhancement of the identification accuracy, by using the first method of effective protein identification in the history: the peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). The peptide mass fingerprinting enabled the protein identification from the mass spectra acquired by the mass spectrometry sample analysis. Due to the common use of method and its continuous improvements, the authors decided to summarize the current state of the knowledge in this field of science. The publication is divided into two parts. The first one is devoted to the origins of PMF scheme, the characteristics of its experimental part and a description of the most popular databases used in the identification procedure. The second part relates to the algorithmic issues of searching the database protein, which reflects the sample content in the best way. The experiment specification in the first part takes into the consideration the description of separation and sample digestion methods, as well as the later protein sample analysis by the mass spectrometer. The experimental steps of the PMF method are described according to their biochemical properties, having an impact for the later stages of the identification procedure

Nanomaterials for PDT applications

Nanotechnologia obecna jest już w wielu dziedzinach nauki i gospodarki. Jednakże najważniejsze zastosowanie struktury submikronowe znajdują w elektronice i biotechnologii. Nanotechnologia stymuluje także rozwój medycyny. Duże zainteresowanie wzbudza zastosowanie nanoma-terialów do poprawy efektywności terapii fotodynamicznej. Niniejsza praca zawiera krótki przegląd metod polepszenia właściwości farmakokinetycznych fotouczulaczy stosowanych w PDT.Nanotechnology became popular in many fields of contemporary science and technology. The main areas of applications are in electronics and biotechnology. The developments in nanotechnology also stimulate the progress in medicine. There is an increasing interest in applications of nanomaterials for improving the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. The presented paper is a short survey of the methods proposed for optimizing the pharmacokinetic properties of PDT photosensitizers

A survey of the quality of life questonnaires

Niniejsza praca dotyczy oceny częstości stosowania ogólnych kwestionariuszy oceny jakości życia (QoL – Quality of Life). Analizy dokonano na podstawie artykułów naukowych opublikowanych w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin medycyny od stycznia 2010 do grudnia 2014 roku. Analizie poddano zagraniczne czasopisma naukowe, z których wybrano 98 publikacji. Oceniano badania jakości życia w takich dziedzinach, jak kardiologia i choroby układu krwionośnego, neurologia, gastrologia, transplantologia, reumatologia, diabetologia i choroby układu pokarmowego, onkologia oraz ginekologia. Przeprowadzona analiza piśmiennictwa dowodzi, że badania nad jakością życia są ważne w różnych dziedzinach medycyny, a najczęściej stosowanym narzędziem jest kwestionariusz SF-36.The presented work is devoted to the analysis of the applications of quality of life (QoL) questionnaires in various medical fields. Papers published in medical journals between 01.2010 and 12.2014, were analyzed. In total 98 publications, presenting the results of QoL studies in various fields, including cardiology, blood vessel lesions, neurology, transplantology, rheumatology, diabetology and gastrointestinal diseases, oncology, gynecology, were evaluated. It was stated that examination of QoL is important in many medical fields and the most often used tool is the SF-36 questionnaire

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: from experiment to protein expresion profiles. Part two - image analysis

Dwuwymiarowa (dwukierunkowa) elektroforeza żelowa (2-DE) jest metodą znaną od lat siedemdziesiątych poprzedniego stulecia. Zainteresowanie badaczy metodą 2-DE wynika z możliwości separacji nawet kilku tysięcy białek w jednym żelu, co pozwala na i ch detekcję i identyfikację. Dzięki wysokiej rozdzielczości wyników separacji możliwe staje się ustalenie roli biologicznej poszczególnych białek czy odkrywanie wpływu czynników zewnętrznych na organizmy żywe na poziomie proteomu. Metoda 2-DE wciąż ewoluuje. W ostatniej dekadzie nastąpił ogromny postęp w sposobie przeprowadzania eksperymentów z dużą powtarzalnością. Zmieniło się też całkowicie podejście do analizy obrazów żeli i wykorzystywane do tego celu algorytmy. Ze względu na tak szybki rozwój technik dwuwymiarowej elektroforezy żelowej, autorzy postanowili przedstawić obecny stan wiedzy w tym zakresie. Praca składa się z dwu części. W pierwszej opisano zmiany, jakie zaszły w technikach przeprowadzania eksperymentów elektroforetycznych. Draga część skupia się na analizie obrazów uzyskanych za pomocą metody 2-DE, z uwzględnien i em zmian w schemacie analizy. Druga część pracy to opis dwóch schematów analizy: klasycznego i obecnie stosowanego. Szczegółowo opracowane zostały metody analizy pojedynczego obrazu 2-DE oraz analizy porównawczej serii obrazów. Przedstawione są algorytmy stosowane do normalizacji, segmentacji obrazu, detekcji plam, dopasowywania do siebie obrazów czy tworzenia map proteomowych jako najważniejsze w całej analizie. Opisano również generowanie profili ekspresji, metody identyfikacji protein oraz internetowe bazy danych 2-DE. Autorzy nie pominęli tak ważnego zagadnienia, jak sposoby porównywania systemów analizujących dane 2-DE. Ta część pracy podsumowuje rozwój, jaki nastąpił wostatnim dziesięcioleciu w metodach stosowanych w analizie komputerowej obrazów 2-DE, którego najważniejszym krokiem było opracowanie nowego schematu analizy, opartego na tworzeniu map proteomowych.Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is a method commonly used since seventies of the previous cesatury. It owns its non weakening interest of researchers because of the possibility of separation even a few thousands of proteins in one gel, what allows for protein detection a n d identification. Thanks to high resolution of separation results, it is possible to determine a biological role of particular proteins or to discover influence of extemal factors on living organisms on t h e proteome level. 2-DE i s stilł evolving. In t h e last decade, a great progress has be en made in t h e way of performing experiments and their reproducibility. Approach to the analysis of gel images and algorthms used for the analysis have been entirely changed. For the reason of suchinstant changes of methods a n d techniques of the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the authors decided to describe state of the art. This work consists of two parts. The first part describes changes that have b e e n made in performing of electrophoretic experiments. The second part concentrates on the analysis of obtained images, with emphasis the analysis workflow. Second part is a description of two analysis workflows: the classical one and the currentiy used one. Analysis methods of the single 2-DE image and differential analysis of the image series are discussed in detail. Algorthms used for normalization, image segmentation, spot detection, image warping and creation of proteome maps are intrcduced as th e most crucial in the whole analysis. Generation of expression profiles, protein Identification methods, and the Internet databases of the 2-DE data are described. Authors have not missed as important issue as methods of comparison of systems for 2-DE data analysis. This part of the work summarises development that has been made for the last ten years in th e methods used for the computer analysis of 2-DE images. The most important step of this development was elaborat i on of the workflow based on creation of proteome maps

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: from experiment to protein expresion profiles. Part one - experiment

Dwuwymiarowa (dwukierunkowa) elektroforeza żelowa (2-DE) jest metodą znaną od lat 70. poprzedniego stulecia. Zainteresowanie badaczy metodą 2-DE wynika z możliwości separacji nawet kilku tysięcy białek w jednym żelu, co pozwala na ich detekcję i identyfikację. Dzięki wysokiej rozdzielczości wyników separacji możliwe staje się ustalenie roli biologicznej poszczególnych białek czy odkrywanie wpływu czynników zewnętrznych na organizmy żywe na poziomie proteomu. Metoda 2-DE wciąż ewoluuje. W ostatniej dekadzie nastąpił ogromny postęp w sposobie przeprowadzania eksperymentów z dużą powtarzalnością. Zmieniło się też całkowicie podejście do analizy obrazów żeli i wykorzystywane do tego celu algorytmy. Ze względu na tak szybki rozwój technik dwuwymiarowej elektroforezy żelowej autorzy postanowili przedstawić obecny stan wiedzy w tym zakresie. Praca składa się z dwu części. W pierwszej opisano zmiany, jakie zaszły w technikach przeprowadzania eksperymentów elektroforetycznych. Druga część skupia się na analizie obrazów uzyskanych za pomocą metody 2-DE, z uwzględnieniem zmian w schemacie analizy. Pierwsza część pracy koncentruje się na eksperymencie dwuwymiarowej elektroforezy żelowej. Opisano poszczególne kroki eksperymentu: od przygotowania próbki, przez ładowanie próbek do pierwszego wymiaru, IEF, SDS-PAGE, barwienie żeli, aż po zapis obrazów żeli. Praca nie porusza szczegółów biochemicznych eksperymentu. Opisane zostały również formaty plików, technika DIGE, wpływ eksperymentu na dalszą analizę, modyfikacje posttranslacyjne oraz pozyskanie próbek protein z żeli do ewentualne identyfikacji za pomocą innych technik proteomicznych.Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is a method commonly used since seventies of the previous century. It owns its non weakening interest of researchers because of the possibility of separation even a few thousands of proteins in one gel, what allows for protein detection and identification. Thanks to high resolution of separation results, it is possible to determine a biological role of particular proteins or to discover influence of external factors on living organisms on the proteome level. Though 2-DE is still evolving. In the last decade, a great progress has been made in the way of performing experiments and their reproducibility. Approach to the analysis of gel images and algorithms used for the analysis have been entirely changed. For the reason of such instant changes of methods and techniques of the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the authors decided to describe state of the art. This work consists of two parts. The first part describes changes that have been made in performing of electrophoretic experiments. The second part concentrates on the analysis of obtained images, with emphasis the analysis workflow. The first part focuses on the experiment of the dwo-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Description of particular steps of the experiment is given: from the sample preparation, through loading of samples for the first dimension, IEF, SDS-PAGE, gels staining, to recording of gel images. This work does not bring up biochemical details of the experiment. File formats, DIGE technology, influence of the expriment on the further analysis, posttraslational modifications and acquisition of protein samples from gels for identification using other proteomic techniques have been described in detail