Recurrent pregnancy loss: challenge to obstetricians

Background: Recurrent pregnancies loss (RPL) is physically and emotionally devastating situation for the parents, along with difficult situation for obstetrician to handle. Present study aimed at investigation of the significance of various etiology in relation to pregnancy outcome in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss.Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of patients who presented to M. S. Ramaiah Medical college with recurrent miscarriage between April 2014 and August 2015. ANA was done on the basis of clinical and laboratory data which was obtained and eventually diagnosis was made. The study results were analysed in terms of term live births, maternal and fetal complications.Results: Out of the RPL cases that were studied, 78 patients came with recurrent pregnancy loss. Out of these cases, endocrine abnormalities, like diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism were the maximum 26.92% and 12.82% respectively. Followed by unexplained causes were 37.3%. Thrombophila and APLA positive cases constituted for 16.66% and 3.4% respectively. ANA positive and cervical incompetence were 6.4% each.Conclusions: Recurrent pregnancy loss is very difficult situation to handle. Various etiology need various specialists, and requirements, and management mainly depends on the cause for recurrent pregnancy loss

Ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care center: a retrospective study

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an obstetric emergency which if not diagnosed in time can cost the life of the patient. This emphasizes the importance of diagnosing this perilous condition and hence this study was undertaken to study symptoms with which the patients with ectopic pregnancy present.Methods: Retrospective study of 5 years was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M. S. Ramaiah medical college and teaching hospital, Bangalore, India between January 2011 to January 2016. Detailed analysis of patients with ectopic pregnancy inclusive of the age and clinical features were studied.Results: A total of 90 patients with ectopic pregnancy were studied. 95.5% of the patients (n=86) presented with abdominal pain, 81.1% (n=73) of the patients presented with amenorrhea, 24.4% (n=22) patients presented with bleeding per vagina, 30% (n=27) patients with nausea, vomiting and 48.8% (n=44) presented with fainting and giddiness.Conclusions: It is very essential to study the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy as this may help in early detection of ectopic pregnancy and hence can reduce the mortality in this catastrophic condition

Preterm birth: associated risk factors and outcome in tertiary care center

Background: The major cause of infant mortality and morbidity is preterm birth. WHO has defined it as any birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation or fewer than 259 days since the last day of menstrual period. Objective of present study was to identify major etiological factors associated with preterm birth, and their effects on mode of delivery and neonatal mortality and morbidity.Methods: Retrospective cohorts study, which was conducted in M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, over period of 12 months (January 2015 to December 2015). The study included 343 women who delivered preterm they were followed from admission to discharge. Various parameters were analyzed like maternal characteristics, gestational age, associated risk factors, tocolysis, administration of steroids, and neonatal outcome.Results: The incidence of preterm birth among the total deliveries was approximately 18.01%. Although the risk factors included many, the most common occurring were hypertensive disorders during pregnancy approximately 32.9%, followed by preterm rupture of membranes (18.1%), idiopathic 14.9%, and previous LSCS at 12.2%. Neonatal mortality was 6.9% (24 neonates), and stillborn were 0.5% (2 neonates).Conclusions: Various risk factors for preterm labour are modifiable hence early detection and treatment prevents maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Specific emphasis on regular antenatal checkups

Ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care center: a retrospective study

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an obstetric emergency which if not diagnosed in time can cost the life of the patient. This emphasizes the importance of diagnosing this perilous condition and hence this study was undertaken to study symptoms with which the patients with ectopic pregnancy present.Methods: Retrospective study of 5 years was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M. S. Ramaiah medical college and teaching hospital, Bangalore, India between January 2011 to January 2016. Detailed analysis of patients with ectopic pregnancy inclusive of the age and clinical features were studied.Results: A total of 90 patients with ectopic pregnancy were studied. 95.5% of the patients (n=86) presented with abdominal pain, 81.1% (n=73) of the patients presented with amenorrhea, 24.4% (n=22) patients presented with bleeding per vagina, 30% (n=27) patients with nausea, vomiting and 48.8% (n=44) presented with fainting and giddiness.Conclusions: It is very essential to study the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy as this may help in early detection of ectopic pregnancy and hence can reduce the mortality in this catastrophic condition