Literature survey on epidemiology and pathology of gangliocytic paraganglioma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) has generally been regarded as a neuroendocrine tumor, its origin remains unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate the details of this disease by carefully analyzing and extracting common features of the disease as presented in selected publications.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We searched for English and Japanese cases of GP using the PubMed and IgakuChuoZasshi databases on August 2010. We then extracted and sampled raw data from the selected publications and performed appropriate statistical analyses. Additionally, we evaluated the expression of hormone receptors based on our previously reported case.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>192 patients with GP were retrieved from the databases. Patient ages ranged from 15 y to 84 y (mean: 52.3 y). The gender ratio was 114:76 (male to female, 2 not reported). Maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 5.5 mm to 100 mm (mean: 25.0 mm). The duodenum (90.1%, 173/192) was found to be the most common site of the disease. In 173 patients with duodenal GP, gastrointestinal bleeding (45.1%, 78/173) was found to be the most common symptom of the disease, followed by abdominal pain (42.8%, 74/173), and anemia (14.5%, 25/173). Rate of lymph node metastasis was 6.9% (12/173). Our statistical analysis indicated that significant differences were found for gender between GP within the submucosal layer and exceeding the submucosal layer. Furthermore, our immunohistochemical evaluation showed that both epithelioid and pancreatic islet cells showed positive reactivity for progesterone receptors.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our literature survey revealed that there were many more cases of GP exceeding the submucosal layer than were expected. Meanwhile, our statistical analyses and immunohistochemical evaluation supported the following two hypotheses. First, vertical growth of GP might be affected by progesterone exposure. Second, the origin of GP might be pancreatic islet cells. However, it is strongly suspected that our data have been affected by publication bias and to confirm these hypotheses, further investigation is required.</p

Experimental and calculated terahertz spectra of naphthalene and 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene in the 0.5 - 6 terahertz region

Far infrared (IR) spectra of naphthalene and 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,4-naphthol) were measured in the region from 0.5 to 6.3 THz at room temperature using a GaP THz wave generator. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to obtain normal mode coordinates and frequencies for an isolated molecule case of naphthalene and 1,4-naphthol. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd

Accurate modeling of inter- and intra-molecular interactions in 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene in the 0.5-6 terahertz region

Semi-empirical calculations successfully predicted the terahertz (THz) absorption spectrum associated with intra- and intermolecular interactions in 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene. Results are in excellent agreement with spectroscopy data in the 0.5-6 THz region using GaP wave THz source. © 2006 Optical Society of America

Numerical calculations of the frequency spectra of naphthalene and 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene in the 0.5- to 6 terahertz region

Semi-empirical calculations successfully predicted the terahertz (THz) absorption spectrum associated with intra- and intermolecular interactions in 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene. Results are in excellent agreement with actual spectroscopy data in the 0.5-6 THz region using GaP THz source. © 2007 Optical Society of America

Low-loss single-mode THz waveguiding using CYTOP, a highly transparent plastic with potential as hybrid optics

A low-loss CYTOP planar photonic crystal THz waveguide with single-mode propagation is realized. The highly transparent nature of CYTOP from deep ultraviolet to the THz region indicates its potential usage as component of hybrid optics. © 2006 Optical Society of America

Terahertz transmission spectroscopic analysis of mono- and di-substituted hydroxynaphthalenes in the 0.5- to 6-THz region using GaP THz wave generator

We report the room temperature terahaertz (THz) transmission spectroscopy measurements of mono- and di-substituted hydroxynaphthalenes in the 0.5- to 6-THz region using a GaP THz wave generator. Several absorption peaks were observed and ascribed to be the fundamental vibrational modes of each of the isomers which were also validated by ab initio calculations. The absorption peak at 4 THz is attributed to the twisting of the 1,4-naphthol about its longer axis while the absorption peak at 5 THz is due to the butterfly motion of the naphthol about its shorter axis. ©2006 IEEE

Including homeless families and children in the social protection system: a brief review of international experience and an analysis of data on the Philippine pilot programme

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Programme (4Ps) is one of the projects subsumed within the Philippine social protection agenda. The 4Ps, under the management of the Department of Social and Welfare and Development (DSWD), has covered over 7 million children belonging to approximately 3 million poor families with homes from the period February 2008 to May 2012. In an effort to extend social protection services to the homeless, the DSWD launched the Modified Conditional Cash Transfer for Homeless (MCCT-HSF) programme in the second half of 2012. The MCCT-HSF, viewed as an extension of the 4Ps, intends to provide immediate relief, support and services to homeless families. It is also designed as a mechanism through which homeless families can transition into the 4Ps. This study serves as a review of social protection programmes that are similar to the MCCT-HSF and as a preliminary analysis of the data gleaned from the pilot implementation of the MCCT-HSF. A review of the social protection programmes for the homeless of other countries suggests that the success of these kinds of programmes is contingent on the development of accurate integrated targeting, monitoring and delivery systems. Moreover, it has been observed that the construction of cost-effective transient housing facilities or temporary shelters, and the provision of personalized psychosocial counselling services are instrumental to the success of homeless protection programmes for the homeless. The data from the MCCT-HSF pilot implementation indicate that homeless families found in Metro Manila originate from poor regions that are close to the National Capital Region. The data set also reveals that most of the homeless included in the pilot implementation attained only an elementary-level education. A considerable proportion of the homeless is either unemployed or employed in the informal sector