1,250 research outputs found
The polarity protein VANG-1 antagonizes Wnt signaling by facilitating Frizzled endocytosis
Signaling that instructs the migration of neurons needs to be tightly regulated to ensure precise positioning of neurons and subsequent wiring of the neuronal circuits. Wnt-Frizzled signaling controls neuronal migration in metazoans, in addition to many other aspects of neural development. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans VANG-1, a membrane protein that acts in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, antagonizes Wnt signaling by facilitating endocytosis of the Frizzled receptors. Mutations of vang-1 suppress migration defects of multiple classes of neurons in the Frizzled mutants, and overexpression of vang-1 causes neuronal migration defects similar to those of the Frizzled mutants. Our genetic experiments suggest that VANG-1 facilitates Frizzled endocytosis through β-arrestin2. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that Frizzled proteins and VANG-1 form a complex, and this physical interaction requires the Frizzled cysteine-rich domain. Our work reveals a novel mechanism mediated by the PCP protein VANG-1 that downregulates Wnt signaling through Frizzled endocytosis
MetaSquare: An integrated metadatabase of 16S rRNA gene amplicon for microbiome taxonomic classification
MOTIVATION: Taxonomic classification of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon is an efficient and economic approach in microbiome analysis. 16S rRNA sequence databases like SILVA, RDP, EzBioCloud and HOMD used in downstream bioinformatic pipelines have limitations on either the sequence redundancy or the delay on new sequence recruitment. To improve the 16S rRNA gene-based taxonomic classification, we merged these widely used databases and a collection of novel sequences systemically into an integrated resource.
RESULTS: MetaSquare version 1.0 is an integrated 16S rRNA sequence database. It is composed of more than 6 million sequences and improves taxonomic classification resolution on both long-read and short-read methods.
AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Accessible at https://hub.docker.com/r/lsbnb/metasquare_db and https://github.com/lsbnb/MetaSquare.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
Bacteremic pneumonia caused by Nocardia veterana in an HIV-infected patient
SummaryDisseminated Nocardia veterana infection has rarely been reported. We describe the first reported case of N. veterana bacteremic pneumonia in an HIV-infected patient. The isolate was confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The patient initially responded well to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole treatment (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.25μg/ml), but died of ventilator-associated pneumonia
Extending the Pre-Training of BLOOM for Improved Support of Traditional Chinese: Models, Methods and Results
In this paper we present the multilingual language model BLOOM-zh that
features enhanced support for Traditional Chinese. BLOOM-zh has its origins in
the open-source BLOOM models presented by BigScience in 2022. Starting from
released models, we extended the pre-training of BLOOM by additional 7.4
billion tokens in Traditional Chinese and English covering a variety of domains
such as news articles, books, encyclopedias, educational materials as well as
spoken language. In order to show the properties of BLOOM-zh, both existing and
newly created benchmark scenarios are used for evaluating the performance.
BLOOM-zh outperforms its predecessor on most Traditional Chinese benchmarks
while maintaining its English capability. We release all our models to the
research community
Automated Pancreas Segmentation Using Multi-institutional Collaborative Deep Learning
The performance of deep learning-based methods strongly relies on the number
of datasets used for training. Many efforts have been made to increase the data
in the medical image analysis field. However, unlike photography images, it is
hard to generate centralized databases to collect medical images because of
numerous technical, legal, and privacy issues. In this work, we study the use
of federated learning between two institutions in a real-world setting to
collaboratively train a model without sharing the raw data across national
boundaries. We quantitatively compare the segmentation models obtained with
federated learning and local training alone. Our experimental results show that
federated learning models have higher generalizability than standalone
training.Comment: Accepted by MICCAI DCL Workshop 202
The polarity protein VANG-1 antagonizes Wnt signaling by facilitating Frizzled endocytosis
Signaling that instructs the migration of neurons needs to be tightly regulated to ensure precise positioning of neurons and subsequent wiring of the neuronal circuits. Wnt-Frizzled signaling controls neuronal migration in metazoans, in addition to many other aspects of neural development. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans VANG-1, a membrane protein that acts in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, antagonizes Wnt signaling by facilitating endocytosis of the Frizzled receptors. Mutations of vang-1 suppress migration defects of multiple classes of neurons in the Frizzled mutants, and overexpression of vang-1 causes neuronal migration defects similar to those of the Frizzled mutants. Our genetic experiments suggest that VANG-1 facilitates Frizzled endocytosis through β-arrestin2. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that Frizzled proteins and VANG-1 form a complex, and this physical interaction requires the Frizzled cysteine-rich domain. Our work reveals a novel mechanism mediated by the PCP protein VANG-1 that downregulates Wnt signaling through Frizzled endocytosis
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