Duplicated collecting system of a kidney complicated with hydronephrosis : diagnostic methods review : a case report

Background: Duplicated collecting system of a kidney occurs in 1.7-4.2% of the population. It is a complex, unilateral or bilateral, congenital abnormality of the pyelocalyceal system and the ureter. The 2 ureters fuse to form a single ureteral orifice or empty separately into the bladder (ureter duplex). Duplicated collecting systems with complete ureteric duplication may lead to developing vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, and urinary infection. Case Report: This article presents a case of a 49-year-old woman with duplicated collecting system and hydronephrosis in the upper pole. The anomaly was diagnosed using urography, ultrasonography and computed tomography examination. Conclusions: The best method for diagnostics of the duplicated pyelocalyceal system complicated by hydronephrosis is computed tomography examination, especially multislice computed tomography. The authors present also the options for therapy

Giant intracranial arteriovenous malformation : a case report

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) occur in 0.5-1% of the population [1]. An arteriovenous malformation is a tangled cluster of vessels, in which arteries connect directly to veins with no intervening capillary bed. Because an intracranial hemorrhage, or, rarely, a seizure are the first clinical symptoms of AVMs, they are the most dangerous congenital vascular malformations [1, 3, 4, 5]. We report a case of a 37-year-old woman with a giant intracranial arteriovenous malformation, who complained of headache attacks. The lesion was diagnosed in computed tomography and computed angiotomography of the head. The first imaging study in patients with suspected AVM is usually CT or angio-CT. These studies are good for depicting an AVM, and they are relatively noninvasive. However, angiography used for the diagnosis and planned treatment is invasive. The authors present also the options for therapy

Gruźlica kręgosłupa : obraz radiologiczny : opis przypadku

Background: Skeletal tuberculosis constitutes 1-3% of all cases of tuberculosis and involves the spine in up to 50% of cases, most commonly the thoracolumbar spine. The purpose of this article is to review the case of a 47-year-old man who complained of back pain, weakness of muscles and weight loss. Case report: He was examined with conventional anteriorposterior and lateral X-rays of thoracic spine, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. Radiological imaging suggested tubercolosis of the spine. The authors present the imaging procedures applied to diagnose this case. Conventional radiography was used as the first basic examination. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) were used as complementary methods. Conclusions: The final diagnosis was based on a biopsy of the bone. The definite diagnosis is required to adequate treatment. In some cases surgical treatment is used

Obraz radiologiczny dużego potworniaka śródpiersia przedniego

Background: Teratomas belong to germ cell tumors. They are frequently found in gonads, but appear as well in mediastinum and other locations. They are usually benign. Case report: We present a case of a 51-year-old male patient with big teratoma in the anterior mediastinum, which was diagnosed a long time ago. This lesion was found on Computed Tomography examination, surgically resected and histopathologically confirmed. Conclusions: CT findings of teratomas are characteristic enough to allow a diagnosis of high probability. Surgical resection is a sufficient treatment

A case of a spontaneous splenorenal shunt associated with the nutcracker syndrome

Background: Hypertension in the portal vein system stimulates the vascular system to develop a porto-caval collateral system, which occurs by adaptation of the already existing junctions between the portocaval and the systemic circulation to changed conditions or by angiogenesis. Case Report: We present a case of a 42-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis, whose computed tomography of the abdominal cavity revealed a massive varicoid dilatation of a vein of the spleen with a splenorenal shunt and tortuous dilated venous vessels in the retroperitoneal space and mesentery. Conclusions: The unusual image of the mesenteric and retroperitoneal venous vessels in our patient resulte

Lesion of the ventral tegmental area amplifies stimulation-induced Fos expression in the rat brain

Unilateral lesions of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the key structure of the mesolimbic system, facilitate behavioral responses induced by electrical stimulation of the VTA in the contralateral hemisphere. In search of the neuronal mechanism behind this phenomenon, Fos expression was used to measure neuronal activation of the target mesolimbic structures in rats subjected to unilateral electrocoagulation and simultaneously to contralateral electrical stimulation of the VTA (L/S group). These were compared to the level of mesolimbic activation after unilateral electrocoagulation of the VTA (L group), unilateral electrical stimulation of the VTA (S group) and bilateral electrode implantation into the VTA in the sham (Sh) group. We found that unilateral stimulation of the VTA alone increased the density of Fos containing neurons in the ipsilateral mesolimbic target structures: nucleus accumbens, lateral septum and amygdala in comparison with the sham group. However, unilateral lesion of the VTA was devoid of effect in non-stimulated (L) rats and it significantly amplified the stimulation-induced Fos-immunoreactivity (L/S vs S group). Stimulation of the VTA performed after contralateral lesion (L/S) evoked strong bilateral induction of Fos expression in the mesolimbic structures involved in motivation and reward (nucleus accumbens and lateral septum) and the processing of the reinforcing properties of olfactory stimuli (anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus) in parallel with facilitation of behavioral function measured as shortened latency of eating or exploration. Our data suggest that VTA lesion sensitizes mesolimbic system to stimuli by suppressing an inhibitory influence of brain areas afferenting the VTA

Multifocal, bone manifestation of decompression sickness in a professional pilot: A case report

Decompression sickness is a group of pathological processes occurring in the body, following its exposure to an excessive drop in atmospheric pressure. The paper presents a case of a 62-year-old patient with no substantial disease history, a long-standing professional military pilot who was diagnosed with multifocal, bone manifestation of decompression sickness during the diagnosis of right knee joint injury following a torsion injury. The case was presented to draw attention to the usefulness of occupational history in the process of diagnosing osteoarticular system diseases. Med Pr 2013;64(2):273–27