Thermodynamic and relativistic uncertainty relations

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation (UR) was verified experimentally. The experiments have shown the validity of the quantum analogue of the zeroth law of stochastic thermodynamics in the form of the saturated Schrodinger UR. We have also proposed a new type of UR for the relativistic mechanics. These relations allow us to consider macroscopic phenomena within the limits of the ratio of the uncertainty relations for different physical quantities

Modification of natural sorbent for providing it with bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties

Currently, the problem of water purification from chemical and microbiological contaminations is very important. Sorption technologies are one of the effective and easy-to-use water purification techniques. To prevent the growth of microbiological contaminations on the surface of investigated sorbents, the surface of the investigated sorbents was treated by aqueous solution of copper sulphate with the further study of bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity. The results of sorption efficiency of original and modified zeolite samples of Kholinsk deposit are presented in this paper. These results were obtained, when Zn{2+} and Pb{2+} ions were removed from the simulated solutions. It was concluded that it is possible to provide natural zeolites with bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties

Comparative Study of Genotoxicity of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Prepared by the Electric Spark Dispersion Method

Objective: There is plenty of information dedicated to nanomaterial toxicity, but it is often contradictory. This work presents results of the comparative investigation of silver and gold nanoparticles genotoxicity and genotoxic effect of water medium after the spark dispersion process. Material and methods: The nanoparticles were produced in water by the modified energy-efficient electric spark dispersion method. The comet assay, transmission electron microscopy, DLS spectroscopy and thermal desorption of nitrogen (BET method) were used for the investigation. Results: The silver nanoparticles showed a genotoxic effect which appeared at concentration of 0.03 mg/ml and above. The application of gold nanoparticles did not lead to a significant DNA damage at concentrations range of 0.01 - 0.03 mg/ml. However, a notable level of genotoxicity was observed at concentrations of gold nanoparticles about 0.1 mg/ml. Supernatant water medium (with trace of Au and Ag metals) following the spark dispersion process showed no genotoxic action. Conclusion: Accordingly, the testing of the nanoparticles produced by the electric spark dispersion in water revealed more expressed genotoxic effect of silver nanoparticles in comparison with the gold ones

Water Purification with Natural Sorbents: Effect of Surface Modification with Nano-structured Particles

Modified nanostructured sorbents are widely used in water treatment processes. In this work, aluminum and iron particles prepared by electro-spark dispersion have been applied as modifiers. Zeolite samples from "Holinskoe" mineral deposit (Russia, Republic of Buryatia), with a size smaller than 0.1 mm, have been modified with aluminum and iron particles, using a sol-gel process. The properties of the modified materials have been determined by means of sorption test, when removing ions Pb{2+}, Fe{3+} and Cd{2+} from the model solutions in static conditions. Using the method of thermal desorption of nitrogen (BET) it has been shown that increasing the iron content in the samples of nanostructured modified sorbents does not affect the increase in specific surface area and pore volume of the samples. Ions concentrations have been analyzed by stripping voltammetry and photocolorimetry. As a result, modified sorbents revealed a high efficiency sorption of heavy metals

Study of the Hydrocarbon-oxidizing Activity of Bacteria of the Genera Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus

The selective activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms with regard to the degradation of alkanes, cycloalkanes, arenes was presented. The hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of microorganisms of the genera Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas such as heptane, cyclohexane, toluene within the hydrocarbons destruction was determined. The growth rate for various hydrocarbons differs. Thus, the average specific growth rate of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganism (HOM) of the genus Rhodococcus is twice more than these substrates

Protective Effects of Pyruvic Acid Salt Against Lithium Toxicity andOxidative Damage in Human Blood Mononuclear Cells

Purpose: Aim of present work was to study cytoprotective properties of lithium pyruvate, as a prospective pharmacological agent. Pyruvate has a lot of potential benefits due to positive influence on cell metabolism. Lithium is “gold-standard” mood-stabilizer. Combination of both may lead advantages. Methods: Lithium pyruvate was tested as cytoprotector on human blood mononuclears under induced oxidative stress. Cells were obtained from healthy donors and patients with alcoholism. The detection of cell viability, apoptosis and determination of oxidative stress level were conducted by flow cytometry. Results: Lithium pyruvate showed excellent cytoprotective properties in normal and oxidation conditions. This effect was independent from cell donor health status. It was shown on cells from healthy donors and alcoholics patients. Conclusion: Obtained results allow considering lithium pyruvate as potential normothymic agents (mood stabilizer) with excellent cytoprotective properties

Protective Effects of Pyruvic Acid Salt Against Lithium Toxicity andOxidative Damage in Human Blood Mononuclear Cells

Purpose: Aim of present work was to study cytoprotective properties of lithium pyruvate, as a prospective pharmacological agent. Pyruvate has a lot of potential benefits due to positive influence on cell metabolism. Lithium is “gold-standard” mood-stabilizer. Combination of both may lead advantages. Methods: Lithium pyruvate was tested as cytoprotector on human blood mononuclears under induced oxidative stress. Cells were obtained from healthy donors and patients with alcoholism. The detection of cell viability, apoptosis and determination of oxidative stress level were conducted by flow cytometry. Results: Lithium pyruvate showed excellent cytoprotective properties in normal and oxidation conditions. This effect was independent from cell donor health status. It was shown on cells from healthy donors and alcoholics patients. Conclusion: Obtained results allow considering lithium pyruvate as potential normothymic agents (mood stabilizer) with excellent cytoprotective properties

The Study of Redox Electrode Processes of Sulfur-Containing Compounds by Voltammetry

In this work the general case of quasi-reversible redox electrode processes of thiol compounds proceeding on a mercury-film electrode via a CE (chemical-electrochemical) mechanism has been revealed and investigated by voltammetry. The quantitative criteria for correlation between theory and experiment corresponding to a CE mechanism and new approach for estimating the kinetic parameters of the preceding chemical reaction have been suggested

Preparation and Investigation of Silver Nanoparticle–Antibody Bioconjugates for Electrochemical Immunoassay of Tick-Borne Encephalitis

A new simple electrochemical immunosensor approach for the determination of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in immunological products was developed and tested. The assay is performed by detecting the silver reduction signal in the bioconjugates with antibodies (Ab@AgNP). Here, signal is read by cathodic linear sweep voltammetry (CLSV) through the detection of silver chloride reduction on a gold–carbon composite electrode (GCCE). Covalent immobilization of the antigen on the electrode surface was performed after thiolation and glutarization of the GCCE. Specific attention has been paid to the selection of conditions for stabilizing both the silver nanoparticles and their Ab@AgNP. A simple flocculation test with NaCl was used to select the concentration of antibodies, and the additional stabilizer bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used for Ab@AgNP preparation. The antibodies to TBEV were quantified in the range from 50 IU·mL?1 to 1600 IU·mL?1, with a detection limit of 50 IU·mL?1. The coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.989. The electrochemical immunosensor was successfully applied to check the quality of immunological products containing IgG antibodies to TBEV. The present work paves the path for a novel method for monitoring TBEV in biological fluids

DLC-Coated Ferroelectric Membranes as Vascular Patches: Physico-Chemical Properties and Biocompatibility

In this paper, the results on the fabrication of ferroelectric membranes as vascular patches with modified surfaces are presented. For the modification of a membrane surface contacting blood, DLC coating was deposited using the pulsed vacuum arc deposition technique. The physico-chemical properties and cytotoxicity of the membranes modified under various conditions were studied. It was found that DLC coatings do not affect membrane microstructure, preserving its crystal structure as well as its high strength and elongation. It was revealed that an increase in the capacitor storage voltage results in the rise in sp2- and sp-hybridized carbon concentration, which makes it possible to control the chemical structure and surface energy of the modified surface. The experiments with 3T3L1 fibroblasts showed no toxic effects of the materials extracts