Measurement and risk assessment of endocrine disruptors present in sport supplements

Estrogen and androgen responsive reporter gene assays were shown to be applicable for the screening of sport supplements for endocrine disruptors (EDs). For this purpose, the general extraction procedure based on dispersive solid phase extraction (QuEChERS method) was employed. The estrogenic and androgenic RGAs coupled with the applied extraction procedure were validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657 lEe. The both bioassays that involved using mammalian cell lines and luciferase as the reporter gene were applied as a high sensitivity human cell model for endocrine contaminants detection. The successful validation was followed by certified negative and positive controls testing. Subsequently, the screening for estrogenic and androgenic EDs in 116 sport supplements available on Island of Ireland was performed. This study enables detection a range of activity types and confirmed the suitability of the developed methods as routine testing tools for target product monitoring. Consequently, the risks for human health' caused by estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors detected in dietary supplements were assessed. This study combined the exposure assessment study based on the RGA results with published data describing the levels of 17~-estradiol and testosterone that cause the detrimental effects in animals and humans. The detected levels of androgenic EDs equivalent to dihydrotestosterone were compared with the ADI and their influence on the testosterone daily production rates predicted. The comparison of estrogenic EDs levels equivalent to 17~-estradiol, divided into natural together with synthetic compounds and phytoestrogens, was performed with ADI and amount of estrogens people are exposed to via food and water. Further on, the study to predict the changes of 17~-estradiol daily production rates caused by estrogenic EDs was described. Subsequently, the influence of phytoestrogen on the endogenous hormones bio-effect was investigated by RGA and DNA micro array. Additionally, the comparison of these two bioassays was performed.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Hormonal activity in commonly used Black hair care products: evaluating hormone disruption as a plausible contribution to health disparities

BACKGROUND: Certain types of hair products are more commonly used by Black women. Studies show hair products contain several endocrine disrupting chemicals that are associated with adverse health outcomes. As chemical mixtures of endocrine disruptors, hair products may be hormonally active, but this remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess hormonal activity of commonly used Black hair products. METHODS: We identified 6 commonly used hair products (used by >10% of the population) from the Greater New York Hair Products Study. We used reporter gene assays (RGAs) incorporating natural steroid receptors to evaluate estrogenic, androgenic, progestogenic, and glucocorticoid hormonal bioactivity employing an extraction method using bond elution prior to RGA assessment at dilutions from 50–500. RESULTS: All products displayed hormonal activity, varying in the amount and effect. Three samples showed estrogen agonist properties at levels from 12.5–20ng/g estradiol equivalent concentrations (EEQ). All but one sample showed androgen antagonist properties at levels from 20–25ng/g androgen equivalent concentrations (AEQ). Four samples showed antagonistic and agonistic properties to progesterone and glucocorticoid. SIGNIFICANCE: Hair products commonly used by Black women showed hormonal activity. Given their frequent use, exposure to hormonally active products could have implications for health outcomes and contribute to reproductive and metabolic health disparities